Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/biometrics/openbr

sklum
2 parents 823a873d fca1772a
Showing 31 changed files with 455 additions and 230 deletions
.gitignore
3rdparty/stasm4.0.0/stasm/faceroi.cpp
3rdparty/stasm4.0.0/stasm/pinstart.cpp
3rdparty/stasm4.0.0/stasm/stasm_lib.cpp
app/br/br.cpp
app/examples/face_recognition.cpp
data/INRIAPerson/README.md
openbr/core/bee.cpp
openbr/core/core.cpp
openbr/core/fuse.cpp
openbr/core/fuse.h
openbr/openbr.cpp
openbr/openbr.h
openbr/openbr_export.cpp
openbr/openbr_plugin.cpp
openbr/openbr_plugin.h
openbr/plugins/crop.cpp
openbr/plugins/distance.cpp
openbr/plugins/filter.cpp
openbr/plugins/gallery.cpp
@@ -34,3 +34,6 @@ scripts/results
  
 ### vim ###
 *.swp
+
+### autogenerated sigsets ###
+data/INRIAPerson/sigset
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2005-2013, Stephen Milborrow
  
 #include "stasm.h"
+#include <QDebug>
  
 namespace stasm
 {
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2005-2013, Stephen Milborrow
  
 #include "stasm.h"
+#include <QDebug>
  
 namespace stasm
 {
@@ -267,8 +268,8 @@ void PinnedStartShapeAndRoi(   // use the pinned landmarks to init the start sha
     const Shape&   pinned)     // in: manually pinned landmarks
 {
     double rot, yaw;
-    EstRotAndYawFrom5PointShape(rot, yaw,
-                                As5PointShape(pinned, mods[0]->MeanShape_()));
+    EstRotAndYawFrom5PointShape(rot, yaw, As5PointShape(pinned, mods[0]->MeanShape_()));
+
     const EYAW eyaw = DegreesAsEyaw(yaw, NSIZE(mods));
     const int imod = EyawAsModIndex(eyaw, mods); // select ASM model based on yaw
     if (trace_g)
@@ -244,24 +244,21 @@ int stasm_search_single(   // wrapper for stasm_search_auto and friends
 int stasm_search_pinned(    // call after the user has pinned some points
     float*       landmarks, // out: x0, y0, x1, y1, ..., caller must allocate
     const float* pinned,    // in: pinned landmarks (0,0 points not pinned)
-    const char*  img,       // in: gray image data, top left corner at 0,0
+    const char*  data,       // in: gray image data, top left corner at 0,0
     int          width,     // in: image width
     int          height,    // in: image height
     const char*  imgpath)   // in: image path, used only for err msgs and debug
 {
-    (void) img;
     (void) width;
     (void) height;
     (void) imgpath;
  
     int returnval = 1;     // assume success
-    CatchOpenCvErrs();
     try
     {
-        CV_Assert(imgpath && STRNLEN(imgpath, SLEN) < SLEN);
         CheckStasmInit();
  
-        //img_g = Image(height, width, (unsigned char*)img);
+        Image img = Image(height, width,(unsigned char*)data);
  
         const Shape pinnedshape(LandmarksAsShape(pinned));
  
@@ -271,8 +268,7 @@ int stasm_search_pinned(    // call after the user has pinned some points
         DetPar detpar_roi; // detpar translated to ROI frame
         DetPar detpar;     // params returned by pseudo face det, in img frame
  
-        /*PinnedStartShapeAndRoi(shape, face_roi, detpar_roi, detpar, pinned_roi,
-                               img_g, mods_g, pinnedshape);*/
+        PinnedStartShapeAndRoi(shape, face_roi, detpar_roi, detpar, pinned_roi, img, mods_g, pinnedshape);
  
         // now working with maybe flipped ROI and start shape in ROI frame
         const int imod = ABS(EyawAsModIndex(detpar.eyaw, mods_g));
@@ -284,14 +280,11 @@ int stasm_search_pinned(    // call after the user has pinned some points
         RoundMat(shape);
         ForcePinnedPoints(shape, pinnedshape); // undo above RoundMat on pinned points
         ShapeToLandmarks(landmarks, shape);
-        if (trace_g)
-            lprintf("\n");
     }
     catch(...)
     {
         returnval = 0; // a call was made to Err or a CV_Assert failed
     }
-    UncatchOpenCvErrs();
     return returnval;
 }
  
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ public:
  
             // Secondary Tasks
             else if (!strcmp(fun, "fuse")) {
-                check(parc >= 5, "Insufficient parameter count for 'fuse'.");
-                br_fuse(parc-4, parv, parv[parc-4], parv[parc-3], parv[parc-2], parv[parc-1]);
+                check(parc >= 4, "Insufficient parameter count for 'fuse'.");
+                br_fuse(parc-3, parv, parv[parc-3], parv[parc-2], parv[parc-1]);
             } else if (!strcmp(fun, "cluster")) {
                 check(parc >= 3, "Insufficient parameter count for 'cluster'.");
                 br_cluster(parc-2, parv, atof(parv[parc-2]), parv[parc-1]);
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ private:
                "-plot <file> ... <file> {destination}\n"
                "\n"
                "==== Other Commands ====\n"
-               "-fuse <simmat> ... <simmat> <mask> (None|MinMax|ZScore|WScore) (Min|Max|Sum[W1:W2:...:Wn]|Replace|Difference|None) {simmat}\n"
+               "-fuse <simmat> ... <simmat> (None|MinMax|ZScore|WScore) (Min|Max|Sum[W1:W2:...:Wn]|Replace|Difference|None) {simmat}\n"
                "-cluster <simmat> ... <simmat> <aggressiveness> {csv}\n"
                "-makeMask <target_gallery> <query_gallery> {mask}\n"
                "-combineMasks <mask> ... <mask> {mask} (And|Or)\n"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  
     // Initialize templates
     br::Template queryA("../data/MEDS/img/S354-01-t10_01.jpg");
-    br::Template queryB("../data/MEDS/img/S386-04-t10_01.jpg");
+    br::Template queryB("../data/MEDS/img/S382-08-t10_01.jpg");
     br::Template target("../data/MEDS/img/S354-02-t10_01.jpg");
  
     // Enroll templates
+## INRIA Person Database
+Dataset for human detection in several formats: original positive and negative images with bounding box annotations and normalized positive images (just the bounding box).
+* [Website](http://pascal.inrialpes.fr/data/human/)
@@ -75,6 +75,21 @@ FileList BEE::readSigset(const File &amp;sigset, bool ignoreMetadata)
                 else if (!ignoreMetadata)    file.set(key, value);
             }
  
+            // add bounding boxes, if they exist (will be child elements of <presentation>)
+            if (fileNode.hasChildNodes()) {
+                QList<QRectF> rects;
+                QDomNodeList bboxes = fileNode.childNodes();
+                for (int i=0; i<bboxes.length(); i++) {
+                    QDomElement bbox = bboxes.at(i).toElement();
+                    qreal x = bbox.attribute("x").toDouble();
+                    qreal y = bbox.attribute("y").toDouble();
+                    qreal width = bbox.attribute("width").toDouble();
+                    qreal height = bbox.attribute("height").toDouble();
+                    rects += QRectF(x, y, width, height);
+                }
+                file.setRects(rects);
+            }
+
             if (file.name.isEmpty()) qFatal("Missing file-name in %s.", qPrintable(sigset));
             fileList.append(file);
  
@@ -112,7 +127,7 @@ void BEE::writeSigset(const QString &amp;sigset, const br::FileList &amp;files, bool ign
                 metadata.append("Rects=\"["+landmarks.join(",")+"]\"");
             }
         }
-        lines.append("\t<biometric-signature name=\"" + file.get<QString>("Label",file.fileName()) +"\">");
+        lines.append("\t<biometric-signature name=\"" + file.get<QString>("Label",file.baseName()) +"\">");
         lines.append("\t\t<presentation file-name=\"" + file.name + "\" " + metadata.join(" ") + "/>");
         lines.append("\t</biometric-signature>");
     }
@@ -302,7 +317,6 @@ cv::Mat BEE::makeMask(const br::FileList &amp;targets, const br::FileList &amp;queries, 
             else if (partitionA != partition)  val = DontCare;
             else if (partitionB == -1)         val = NonMatch;
             else if (partitionB != partition)  val = DontCare;
-            else if (partitionA != partitionB) val = DontCare;
             else if (labelA == labelB)         val = Match;
             else                               val = NonMatch;
             mask.at<Mask_t>(i,j) = val;
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ struct AlgorithmCore
     {
         TemplateList data(TemplateList::fromGallery(input));
  
+        // set the Train bool metadata, in case a Transform's project
+        // needs to know if it's called during train or enroll
+        for (int i=0; i<data.size(); i++)
+            data[i].file.set("Train", true);
+
         if (transform.isNull()) qFatal("Null transform.");
         qDebug("%d training files", data.size());
  
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  
 #include <QList>
 #include <QStringList>
+#include "openbr/core/opencvutils.h"
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
 #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ static void normalizeMatrix(Mat &amp;matrix, const Mat &amp;mask, const QString &amp;method)
         for (int j=0; j<matrix.cols; j++) {
             float val = matrix.at<float>(i,j);
             if ((mask.at<BEE::Mask_t>(i,j) == BEE::DontCare) ||
-                (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) ||
-                (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()))
+                (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) ||
+                (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::max()))
                 continue;
             vals.append(val);
         }
@@ -53,20 +54,20 @@ static void normalizeMatrix(Mat &amp;matrix, const Mat &amp;mask, const QString &amp;method)
             for (int j=0; j<matrix.cols; j++) {
                 if (mask.at<BEE::Mask_t>(i,j) == BEE::DontCare) continue;
                 float &val = matrix.at<float>(i,j);
-                if      (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) val = 0;
-                else if (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) val = 1;
+                if      (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) val = 0;
+                else if (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) val = 1;
                 else                                                     val = (val - min) / (max - min);
             }
         }
     } else if (method == "ZScore") {
         if (stddev == 0) qFatal("Stddev is 0.");
-                for (int i=0; i<matrix.rows; i++) {
+        for (int i=0; i<matrix.rows; i++) {
             for (int j=0; j<matrix.cols; j++) {
                 if (mask.at<BEE::Mask_t>(i,j) == BEE::DontCare) continue;
                 float &val = matrix.at<float>(i,j);
-                if      (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) val = (min - mean) / stddev;
-                else if (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) val = (max - mean) / stddev;
-                else                                                     val = (val - mean) / stddev;
+                if      (val == -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) val = (min - mean) / stddev;
+                else if (val ==  std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) val = (max - mean) / stddev;
+                else                                                val = (val - mean) / stddev;
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -74,63 +75,90 @@ static void normalizeMatrix(Mat &amp;matrix, const Mat &amp;mask, const QString &amp;method)
     }
 }
  
-void br::Fuse(const QStringList &inputSimmats, File mask, const QString &normalization, const QString &fusion, const QString &outputSimmat)
+void br::Fuse(const QStringList &inputSimmats, const QString &normalization, const QString &fusion, const QString &outputSimmat)
 {
     qDebug("Fusing %d to %s", inputSimmats.size(), qPrintable(outputSimmat));
-    QList<Mat> matrices;
-    foreach (const QString &simmat, inputSimmats)
-        matrices.append(BEE::readSimmat(simmat));
-    if ((matrices.size() < 2) && (fusion != "None")) qFatal("Expected at least two similarity matrices.");
-    if ((matrices.size() > 1) && (fusion == "None")) qFatal("Expected exactly one similarity matrix.");
-
-    mask.set("rows", matrices.first().rows);
-    mask.set("columns", matrices.first().cols);
-    Mat matrix_mask = BEE::readMask(mask);
-
-    for (int i=0; i<matrices.size(); i++)
-        normalizeMatrix(matrices[i], matrix_mask, normalization);
-
-    Mat fused;
-    if (fusion == "Max") {
-        max(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
-        for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
-            max(fused, matrices[i], fused);
-    } else if (fusion == "Min") {
-        min(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
-        for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
-            min(fused, matrices[i], fused);
-    } else if (fusion.startsWith("Sum")) {
-        QList<float> weights;
-        QStringList words = fusion.right(fusion.size()-3).split(":", QString::SkipEmptyParts);
-        if (words.size() == 0) {
-            for (int k=0; k<matrices.size(); k++)
-                weights.append(1);
-        } else if (words.size() == matrices.size()) {
-            bool ok;
-            for (int k=0; k<matrices.size(); k++) {
-                float weight = words[k].toFloat(&ok);
-                if (!ok) qFatal("Non-numerical weight %s.", qPrintable(words[k]));
-                weights.append(weight);
+
+    QString target, query, previousTarget, previousQuery;
+    QList<Mat> originalMatrices;
+    foreach (const QString &simmat, inputSimmats) {
+        originalMatrices.append(BEE::readSimmat(simmat,&target,&query));
+        // Make we're fusing score matrices for the same set of targets and querys
+        if (!previousTarget.isEmpty() && !previousQuery.isEmpty() && (previousTarget != target || previousQuery != query))
+            qFatal("Target or query files are not the same across fused matrices.");
+        previousTarget = target; previousQuery = query;
+    }
+
+    if ((originalMatrices.size() < 2) && (fusion != "None")) qFatal("Expected at least two similarity matrices.");
+    if ((originalMatrices.size() > 1) && (fusion == "None")) qFatal("Expected exactly one similarity matrix.");
+
+    const FileList targetFiles = TemplateList::fromGallery(target).files();
+    const FileList queryFiles = TemplateList::fromGallery(query).files();
+
+    int partition = 0;
+    int crossValidate = Globals->crossValidate;
+    Mat buffer = Mat::zeros(originalMatrices.last().size(),originalMatrices.last().type());
+
+    do {
+        QList<Mat> matrices;
+        foreach (const Mat& matrix, originalMatrices)
+            matrices.append(matrix.clone());
+
+        Mat matrix_mask = BEE::makeMask(targetFiles,queryFiles,partition);
+        for (int i=0; i<matrices.size(); i++)
+            normalizeMatrix(matrices[i], matrix_mask, normalization);
+
+        Mat fused;
+        if (fusion == "Max") {
+            max(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
+            for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
+                max(fused, matrices[i], fused);
+        } else if (fusion == "Min") {
+            min(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
+            for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
+                min(fused, matrices[i], fused);
+        } else if (fusion.startsWith("Sum")) {
+            QList<float> weights;
+            QStringList words = fusion.right(fusion.size()-3).split(":", QString::SkipEmptyParts);
+            if (words.size() == 0) {
+                for (int k=0; k<matrices.size(); k++)
+                    weights.append(1);
+            } else if (words.size() == matrices.size()) {
+                bool ok;
+                for (int k=0; k<matrices.size(); k++) {
+                    float weight = words[k].toFloat(&ok);
+                    if (!ok) qFatal("Non-numerical weight %s.", qPrintable(words[k]));
+                    weights.append(weight);
+                }
+            } else {
+                qFatal("Number of weights does not match number of similarity matrices.");
             }
+
+            addWeighted(matrices[0], weights[0], matrices[1], weights[1], 0, fused);
+            for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
+                addWeighted(fused, 1, matrices[i], weights[i], 0, fused);
+        } else if (fusion == "Replace") {
+            if (matrices.size() != 2) qFatal("Replace fusion requires exactly two matrices.");
+            fused = matrices.first().clone();
+            matrices.last().copyTo(fused, matrix_mask != BEE::DontCare);
+        } else if (fusion == "Difference") {
+            if (matrices.size() != 2) qFatal("Difference fusion requires exactly two matrices.");
+            subtract(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
+        } else if (fusion == "None") {
+            fused = matrices[0];
         } else {
-            qFatal("Number of weights does not match number of similarity matrices.");
+            qFatal("Invalid fusion method %s.", qPrintable(fusion));
         }
  
-        addWeighted(matrices[0], weights[0], matrices[1], weights[1], 0, fused);
-        for (int i=2; i<matrices.size(); i++)
-            addWeighted(fused, 1, matrices[i], weights[i], 0, fused);
-    } else if (fusion == "Replace") {
-        if (matrices.size() != 2) qFatal("Replace fusion requires exactly two matrices.");
-        fused = matrices.first().clone();
-        matrices.last().copyTo(fused, matrix_mask != BEE::DontCare);
-    } else if (fusion == "Difference") {
-        if (matrices.size() != 2) qFatal("Difference fusion requires exactly two matrices.");
-        subtract(matrices[0], matrices[1], fused);
-    } else if (fusion == "None") {
-        fused = matrices[0];
-    } else {
-        qFatal("Invalid fusion method %s.", qPrintable(fusion));
-    }
+        // We don't want to add scores where the mask says we shouldn't care
+        Mat buffer_mask = Mat::ones(matrix_mask.size(),CV_8UC1);
+        buffer_mask.setTo(0,matrix_mask==BEE::DontCare);
+
+        add(buffer,fused,buffer,buffer_mask);
+
+        partition++;
+
+    } while (partition < crossValidate);
  
-    BEE::writeSimmat(fused, outputSimmat);
+    BEE::writeSimmat(buffer, outputSimmat);
 }
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  
 namespace br
 {
-    void Fuse(const QStringList &inputSimmats, File mask, const QString &normalization, const QString &fusion, const QString &outputSimmat);
+    void Fuse(const QStringList &inputSimmats, const QString &normalization, const QString &fusion, const QString &outputSimmat);
 }
  
 #endif // BR_FUSE_H
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ void br_finalize()
     Context::finalize();
 }
  
-void br_fuse(int num_input_simmats, const char *input_simmats[], const char *mask,
+void br_fuse(int num_input_simmats, const char *input_simmats[],
              const char *normalization, const char *fusion, const char *output_simmat)
 {
-    Fuse(QtUtils::toStringList(num_input_simmats, input_simmats), mask, normalization, fusion, output_simmat);
+    Fuse(QtUtils::toStringList(num_input_simmats, input_simmats), normalization, fusion, output_simmat);
 }
  
 void br_initialize(int &argc, char *argv[], const char *sdk_path)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ BR_EXPORT void br_finalize();
  *          - \c Replace - Replaces scores in the first matrix with scores in the second matrix when the mask is set.
  * \param output_simmat \ref simmat to contain the fused scores.
  */
-BR_EXPORT void br_fuse(int num_input_simmats, const char *input_simmats[], const char *mask,
+BR_EXPORT void br_fuse(int num_input_simmats, const char *input_simmats[],
                        const char *normalization, const char *fusion, const char *output_simmat);
  
 /*!
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
  * \section get_started Get Started
  * - \ref introduction - A high-level technical overview of OpenBR.
  * - \ref installation - A hacker's guide to building, editing, and running OpenBR.
- * - \ref qmake_integration - Add OpenBR to your Qt <tt>.pro</tt> project.
+ * - \ref examples - Source code illustrating common use cases.
+ * - \ref help - Talk to the experts.
  *
  * \section learn_more Learn More
  * - \ref algorithm_grammar - How algorithms are constructed from string descriptions.
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
  * - \ref c_sdk - High-level API for running algorithms and evaluating results.
  * - \ref cpp_plugin_sdk - Plugin API for extending OpenBR functionality.
  * - \ref bee - A <a href="http://www.nist.gov/index.html">NIST</a> standard for evaluating biometric algorithms.
+ * - \ref qmake_integration - Add OpenBR to your Qt <tt>.pro</tt> project.
  */
  
 /*!
@@ -397,6 +399,12 @@ $ br -help
  * \endcode
  */
  
+ /*!
+  * \page help Help
+  * - Developer mailing list: <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/openbr-dev">openbr-dev@googlegroups.com</a>
+  * - IRC Channel: <a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/">irc.freenode.net#openbr</a>
+  */
+
 /*!
  * \page qmake_integration QMake Integration
  * \brief Add OpenBR to your Qt <tt>.pro</tt> project.
@@ -441,10 +441,10 @@ TemplateList TemplateList::fromGallery(const br::File &amp;gallery)
                         // of target images to every partition
                         newTemplates[i].file.set("Partition", -1);
                     } else {
-                    // Direct use of "Label" is not general -cao
-                    const QByteArray md5 = QCryptographicHash::hash(newTemplates[i].file.get<QString>("Label").toLatin1(), QCryptographicHash::Md5);
-                    // Select the right 8 hex characters so that it can be represented as a 64 bit integer without overflow
-                    newTemplates[i].file.set("Partition", md5.toHex().right(8).toULongLong(0, 16) % crossValidate);
+                        // Direct use of "Label" is not general -cao
+                        const QByteArray md5 = QCryptographicHash::hash(newTemplates[i].file.get<QString>("Label").toLatin1(), QCryptographicHash::Md5);
+                        // Select the right 8 hex characters so that it can be represented as a 64 bit integer without overflow
+                        newTemplates[i].file.set("Partition", md5.toHex().right(8).toULongLong(0, 16) % crossValidate);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -996,9 +996,9 @@ void br::Context::messageHandler(QtMsgType type, const QMessageLogContext &amp;conte
         switch (type) {
           case QtWarningMsg:  txt = QString("Warning: %1\n" ).arg(msg); break;
           case QtCriticalMsg: txt = QString("Critical: %1\n").arg(msg); break;
-          default:            txt = QString("Fatal: %1\n"   ).arg(msg);
+          default:            txt = QString("Fatal: %1\n"   ).arg(msg); break;
         }
-        txt += "  File: " + QString(context.file) + "\n  Function: " + QString(context.function) + "\n  Line: " + QString::number(context.line) + "\n";
+        txt += "  SDK Path: "  + Globals->sdkPath + "\n  File: " + QString(context.file) + "\n  Function: " + QString(context.function) + "\n  Line: " + QString::number(context.line) + "\n";
     }
  
     std::cerr << txt.toStdString();
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ void reset_##NAME() { NAME = DEFAULT; }
  * Rects           | QList<Rect>    | List of unnamed rects
  * Age             | float          | Age used for demographic filtering
  * Gender          | QString        | Subject gender
+ * Train           | bool           | The data is for training, as opposed to enrollment
  * _*              | *              | Reserved for internal use
  */
 struct BR_EXPORT File
@@ -60,8 +60,13 @@ class ROITransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
     void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
     {
-        foreach (const QRectF &rect, src.file.rects())
-            dst += src.m()(OpenCVUtils::toRect(rect));
+        if (src.file.rects().empty()) {
+            dst = src;
+            qWarning("No rects present in file.");
+        }
+        else
+            foreach (const QRectF &rect, src.file.rects())
+                dst += src.m()(OpenCVUtils::toRect(rect));
     }
 };
  
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class OnlineDistance : public Distance
     Q_PROPERTY(br::Distance* distance READ get_distance WRITE set_distance RESET reset_distance STORED false)
     Q_PROPERTY(float alpha READ get_alpha WRITE set_alpha RESET reset_alpha STORED false)
     BR_PROPERTY(br::Distance*, distance, NULL)
-    BR_PROPERTY(float, alpha, 0.1f);
+    BR_PROPERTY(float, alpha, 0.1f)
  
     mutable QHash<QString,float> scoreHash;
     mutable QMutex mutex;
@@ -139,10 +139,8 @@ class CSDNTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
         const int surround = s/2;
  
-        for ( int i = 0; i < nRows; i++ )
-        {
-            for ( int j = 0; j < nCols; j++ )
-            {
+        for ( int i = 0; i < nRows; i++ ) {
+            for ( int j = 0; j < nCols; j++ ) {
                 int width = min( j+surround, nCols ) - max( 0, j-surround );
                 int height = min( i+surround, nRows ) - max( 0, i-surround );
  
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ class CSDNTransform : public UntrainableTransform
             }
         }
  
-     dst = m;
+        dst = m;
  
     }
 };
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ class galGallery : public Gallery
     {
         if (t.isEmpty() && t.file.isNull())
             return;
+
         stream << t;
     }
 };
@@ -856,8 +857,18 @@ class FDDBGallery : public Gallery
             for (int i=0; i<numDetects; i++) {
                 const QStringList detect = lines.takeFirst().split(' ');
                 Template t(fileName);
-                t.file.set("Face", QRectF(detect[0].toFloat(), detect[1].toFloat(), detect[2].toFloat(), detect[3].toFloat()));
-                t.file.set("Confidence", detect[4].toFloat());
+                if (detect.size() == 5) { //rectangle
+                    t.file.set("Face", QRectF(detect[0].toFloat(), detect[1].toFloat(), detect[2].toFloat(), detect[3].toFloat()));
+                    t.file.set("Confidence", detect[4].toFloat());
+                } else if (detect.size() == 6) { //ellipse
+                    float x = detect[3].toFloat(),  
+                          y = detect[4].toFloat(),
+                          radius = detect[1].toFloat();
+                    t.file.set("Face", QRectF(x - radius,y - radius,radius * 2.0, radius * 2.0));
+                    t.file.set("Confidence", detect[5].toFloat());
+                } else {
+                    qFatal("Unknown FDDB annotation format.");
+                }
                 templates.append(t);
             }
         }
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ class KeyPointDescriptorTransform : public UntrainableTransform
         else
             foreach (const QPointF &landmark, src.file.points())
                 keyPoints.push_back(KeyPoint(landmark.x(), landmark.y(), size));
+        if (keyPoints.empty()) return;
         descriptorExtractor->compute(src, keyPoints, dst);
     }
 };
@@ -269,22 +269,14 @@ class DelaunayTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
                 Mat output(src.m().rows,src.m().cols,src.m().type());
  
-                // Optimization needed
                 if (i > 0) {
                     Mat overlap;
                     bitwise_and(dst.m(),mask,overlap);
-                    for (int j = 0; j < overlap.rows; j++) {
-                        for (int k = 0; k < overlap.cols; k++) {
-                            if (overlap.at<uchar>(j,k) != 0) {
-                                mask.at<uchar>(j,k) = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                    mask.setTo(0, overlap!=0);
                 }
  
                 bitwise_and(buffer,mask,output);
  
-
                 dst.m() += output;
             }
  
@@ -297,53 +289,6 @@ class DelaunayTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
 BR_REGISTER(Transform, DelaunayTransform)
  
-/*!
- * \ingroup transforms
- * \brief Loads a set of fiduciary points from a .dat file
- * \author Scott Klum \cite sklum
- */
-class LoadLandmarksTransform : public UntrainableTransform
-{
-    Q_OBJECT
-
-    Q_PROPERTY(QString filePath READ get_filePath WRITE set_filePath RESET reset_filePath STORED false)
-    BR_PROPERTY(QString, filePath, QString())
-
-    void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
-    {
-        dst = src;
-
-        // Assume the fiduciary file has the same basename as src
-        QString path = filePath + "/" + src.file.baseName() + ".dat";
-
-        QFile f(path);
-        if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) qFatal("Unable to open %s for reading.", qPrintable(path));
-
-        QList<QPointF> landmarks;
-        while(!f.atEnd()) {
-            QByteArray line = f.readLine();
-            QString pointSet(line);
-            pointSet = pointSet.simplified();
-            if (!pointSet.isEmpty()) {
-                QStringList points = pointSet.split(" ");
-                landmarks.append(QPointF(points[0].toFloat(),points[1].toFloat()));
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (landmarks.size() < 35) qFatal("Unrecognized landmark set format.");
-
-        dst.file.set("rightEye", landmarks[16]);
-        dst.file.set("leftEye", landmarks[18]);
-
-        landmarks.removeAt(18);
-        landmarks.removeAt(16);
-
-        dst.file.appendPoints(landmarks);
-    }
-};
-
-BR_REGISTER(Transform, LoadLandmarksTransform)
-
 } // namespace br
  
 #include "landmarks.moc"
@@ -382,53 +382,6 @@ BR_REGISTER(Transform, RegexPropertyTransform)
  
 /*!
  * \ingroup transforms
- * \brief Remove templates with the specified file extension or metadata value.
- * \author Josh Klontz \cite jklontz
- */
-class RemoveTemplatesTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
-{
-    Q_OBJECT
-    Q_PROPERTY(QString regexp READ get_regexp WRITE set_regexp RESET reset_regexp STORED false)
-    Q_PROPERTY(QString key READ get_key WRITE set_key RESET reset_key STORED false)
-    BR_PROPERTY(QString, regexp, "")
-    BR_PROPERTY(QString, key, "")
-
-    void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
-    {
-        const QRegularExpression re(regexp);
-        const QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match(key.isEmpty() ? src.file.suffix() : src.file.get<QString>(key));
-        if (match.hasMatch()) dst = Template();
-        else                  dst = src;
-    }
-};
-
-BR_REGISTER(Transform, RemoveTemplatesTransform)
-
-/*!
- * \ingroup transforms
- * \brief Remove template metadata with the specified key(s).
- * \author Josh Klontz \cite jklontz
- */
-class RemoveMetadataTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
-{
-    Q_OBJECT
-    Q_PROPERTY(QString regexp READ get_regexp WRITE set_regexp RESET reset_regexp STORED false)
-    BR_PROPERTY(QString, regexp, "")
-
-    void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
-    {
-        dst = src;
-        const QRegularExpression re(regexp);
-        foreach (const QString &key, dst.file.localKeys())
-            if (re.match(key).hasMatch())
-                dst.file.remove(key);
-    }
-};
-
-BR_REGISTER(Transform, RemoveMetadataTransform)
-
-/*!
- * \ingroup transforms
  * \brief Store the last matrix of the input template as a metadata key with input property name.
  * \author Charles Otto \cite caotto
  */
@@ -249,7 +249,8 @@ BR_REGISTER(Output, mtxOutput)
 /*!
  * \ingroup outputs
  * \brief Rank retrieval output.
- * \author Josh Klontz \cite jklontz Scott Klum \cite sklum
+ * \author Josh Klontz \cite jklontz
+ * \author Scott Klum \cite sklum
  */
 class rrOutput : public MatrixOutput
 {
@@ -267,15 +268,17 @@ class rrOutput : public MatrixOutput
  
         for (int i=0; i<queryFiles.size(); i++) {
             QStringList files;
-            if (!byLine) files.append(queryFiles[i]);
+            files.append(queryFiles[i]);
  
             typedef QPair<float,int> Pair;
             foreach (const Pair &pair, Common::Sort(OpenCVUtils::matrixToVector<float>(data.row(i)), true, limit)) {
-                if (pair.first < threshold) break;
-                File target = targetFiles[pair.second];
-                target.set("Score", QString::number(pair.first));
-                if (simple) files.append(target.baseName() + " " + QString::number(pair.first));
-                else files.append(target.flat());
+                if (Globals->crossValidate > 0 ? (targetFiles[pair.second].get<int>("Partition",-1) == -1 || targetFiles[pair.second].get<int>("Partition",-1) == queryFiles[i].get<int>("Partition",-1)) : true) {
+                    if (pair.first < threshold) break;
+                    File target = targetFiles[pair.second];
+                    target.set("Score", QString::number(pair.first));
+                    if (simple) files.append(target.baseName() + " " + QString::number(pair.first));
+                    else files.append(target.flat());
+                }
             }
             lines.append(files.join(byLine ? "\n" : ","));
         }
@@ -428,7 +431,7 @@ class rankOutput : public MatrixOutput
             typedef QPair<float,int> Pair;
             int rank = 1;
             foreach (const Pair &pair, Common::Sort(OpenCVUtils::matrixToVector<float>(data.row(i)), true)) {
-                if (Globals->crossValidate > 0 ? (targetFiles[pair.second].get<int>("Partition",-1) == queryFiles[i].get<int>("Partition",-1)) : true) {
+                if (Globals->crossValidate > 0 ? (targetFiles[pair.second].get<int>("Partition",-1) == -1 || targetFiles[pair.second].get<int>("Partition",-1) == queryFiles[i].get<int>("Partition",-1)) : true) {
                     if (QString(targetFiles[pair.second]) != QString(queryFiles[i])) {
                         if (targetFiles[pair.second].get<QString>("Label") == queryFiles[i].get<QString>("Label")) {
                             ranks.append(rank);
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ struct PP5Context
  
         ppr_face_attributes_type face_attributes;
         ppr_get_face_attributes(face, &face_attributes);
-        metadata.insert("Face", QRectF(face_attributes.position.x - face_attributes.dimensions.width/2,
-                                       face_attributes.position.y - face_attributes.dimensions.height/2,
-                                       face_attributes.dimensions.width,
-                                       face_attributes.dimensions.height));
+        metadata.insert("FrontalFace", QRectF(face_attributes.position.x - face_attributes.dimensions.width/2,
+                                              face_attributes.position.y - face_attributes.dimensions.height/2,
+                                              face_attributes.dimensions.width,
+                                              face_attributes.dimensions.height));
         metadata.insert("PP5_Face_Confidence", face_attributes.confidence);
         metadata.insert("PP5_Face_Roll", face_attributes.rotation.roll);
         metadata.insert("PP5_Face_Pitch", face_attributes.rotation.pitch);
@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@ class PP5EnrollTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
  
         PP5Context *context = contexts.acquire();
  
-        foreach(const Template & src, srcList) {
+        foreach (const Template &src, srcList) {
+            bool foundFace = false;
             if (!src.isEmpty()) {
                 ppr_raw_image_type raw_image;
                 PP5Context::createRawImage(src, raw_image);
@@ -254,6 +255,7 @@ class PP5EnrollTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
                     int extractable;
                     TRY(ppr_is_template_extractable(context->context, face, &extractable))
                     if (!extractable && !detectOnly) continue;
+                    else foundFace = true;
  
                     cv::Mat m;
                     if (detectOnly) {
@@ -272,20 +274,18 @@ class PP5EnrollTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
                     // Found a face, nothing else to do (if we aren't trying to find multiple faces).
                     if (!Globals->enrollAll)
                         break;
-                    }
+                }
  
                 ppr_free_face_list(face_list);
                 ppr_free_image(image);
                 ppr_raw_image_free(raw_image);
             }
-        }
  
-        // No faces were detected, output something with FTE set.
-        if (dstList.empty()) {
-            dstList.append(srcList.first());
-            dstList.first().file.set("FTE",true);
-            if (!detectOnly)
-                dstList.first().m() = cv::Mat();
+            // No faces were detected when we were expecting one, output something with FTE set.
+            if (!foundFace && !Globals->enrollAll) {
+                dstList.append(Template(src.file, detectOnly ? src.m() : cv::Mat()));
+                dstList.last().file.set("FTE", true);
+            }
         }
  
         contexts.release(context);
+#include "openbr_internal.h"
+#include "openbr/core/opencvutils.h"
+#include "openbr/core/common.h"
+
+using namespace cv;
+
+namespace br
+{
+
+/*!
+ * \ingroup transforms
+ * \brief Applies a transform to a sliding window.
+ *        Discards negative detections.
+ * \author Austin Blanton \cite imaus10
+ */
+class SlidingWindowTransform : public Transform
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+    Q_PROPERTY(br::Transform *transform READ get_transform WRITE set_transform RESET reset_transform STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(int minSize READ get_minSize WRITE set_minSize RESET reset_minSize STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(double scaleFactor READ get_scaleFactor WRITE set_scaleFactor RESET reset_scaleFactor STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(double stepSize READ get_stepSize WRITE set_stepSize RESET reset_stepSize STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(bool takeLargestScale READ get_takeLargestScale WRITE set_takeLargestScale RESET reset_takeLargestScale STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(bool negSamples READ get_negSamples WRITE set_negSamples RESET reset_negSamples STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(int negToPosRatio READ get_negToPosRatio WRITE set_negToPosRatio RESET reset_negToPosRatio STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(double maxOverlap READ get_maxOverlap WRITE set_maxOverlap RESET reset_maxOverlap STORED false)
+    BR_PROPERTY(br::Transform *, transform, NULL)
+    BR_PROPERTY(int, minSize, 8)
+    BR_PROPERTY(double, scaleFactor, 0.75)
+    BR_PROPERTY(double, stepSize, 1)
+    BR_PROPERTY(bool, takeLargestScale, true)
+    BR_PROPERTY(bool, negSamples, true)
+    BR_PROPERTY(int, negToPosRatio, 1)
+    BR_PROPERTY(double, maxOverlap, 0)
+
+public:
+    SlidingWindowTransform() : Transform(false, true) {}
+
+private:
+    void train(const TemplateList &data)
+    {
+        if (transform->trainable) {
+            TemplateList full;
+            foreach (const Template &tmpl, data) {
+                foreach (const Rect &rect, OpenCVUtils::toRects(tmpl.file.rects())) {
+                    Template pos(tmpl.file, Mat(tmpl, rect));
+                    full += pos;
+
+                    // add random negative samples
+                    if (negSamples) {
+                        Mat m = tmpl.m();
+                        int sample = 0;
+                        while (sample < negToPosRatio) {
+                            int x = Common::RandSample(1, m.cols)[0];
+                            int y = Common::RandSample(1, m.rows)[0];
+                            int maxWidth = m.cols - x, maxHeight = m.rows - y;
+                            int maxSize = std::min(maxWidth, maxHeight);
+                            int size = (maxSize <= minSize ? maxSize : Common::RandSample(1, maxSize, minSize)[0]);
+                            Rect negRect(x, y, size, size);
+                            Rect intersect = negRect & rect;
+                            if (intersect.area() > maxOverlap*rect.area())
+                                continue;
+                            Template neg(tmpl.file, Mat(tmpl, negRect));
+                            neg.file.set("Label", QString("neg"));
+                            full += neg;
+                            sample++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            transform->train(full);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
+    {
+        dst = src;
+        // no need to slide a window over ground truth data
+        if (src.file.getBool("Train", false)) return;
+
+        dst.file.clearRects();
+        int rows = src.m().rows, cols = src.m().cols;
+        for (double size=std::min(rows, cols); size>=minSize; size*=scaleFactor) {
+            for (double y=0; y+size<rows; y+=(size*stepSize)) {
+                for (double x=0; x+size<cols; x+=(size*stepSize)) {
+                    Rect window(x, y, size, size);
+                    Template windowMat(src.file, Mat(src.m(), window));
+                    Template detect;
+                    transform->project(windowMat, detect);
+                    // the result will be in the Label
+                    if (detect.file.get<QString>(QString("Label")) == "pos") {
+                        dst.file.appendRect(OpenCVUtils::fromRect(window));
+                        if (takeLargestScale) return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+BR_REGISTER(Transform, SlidingWindowTransform)
+
+} // namespace br
+
+#include "slidingwindow.moc"
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ class StasmTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
     Q_PROPERTY(bool stasm3Format READ get_stasm3Format WRITE set_stasm3Format RESET reset_stasm3Format STORED false)
     BR_PROPERTY(bool, stasm3Format, false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(bool clearLandmarks READ get_clearLandmarks WRITE set_clearLandmarks RESET reset_clearLandmarks STORED false)
+    BR_PROPERTY(bool, clearLandmarks, false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(QStringList pinEyes READ get_pinEyes WRITE set_pinEyes RESET reset_pinEyes STORED false)
+    BR_PROPERTY(QStringList, pinEyes, QStringList())
  
     Resource<StasmCascadeClassifier> stasmCascadeResource;
  
@@ -69,12 +73,49 @@ class StasmTransform : public UntrainableTransform
     {
         if (src.m().channels() != 1) qFatal("Stasm expects single channel matrices.");
  
+        dst = src;
+
         StasmCascadeClassifier *stasmCascade = stasmCascadeResource.acquire();
  
         int foundface;
         int nLandmarks = stasm_NLANDMARKS;
         float landmarks[2 * stasm_NLANDMARKS];
-        stasm_search_single(&foundface, landmarks, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src.m().data), src.m().cols, src.m().rows, *stasmCascade, NULL, NULL);
+
+        if (!pinEyes.isEmpty()) {
+            // Two use cases are accounted for:
+            // 1. Pin eyes without normalization: in this case the string list should contain the KEYS for right then left eyes, respectively.
+            // 2. Pin eyes with normalization: in this case the string list should contain the COORDINATES of the right then left eyes, respectively.
+            // Note that for case 2, if Affine_0 and Affine_1 are not present (indicating no normalization has taken place), we default to stasm_search_single.
+
+            bool ok = false;
+            QPointF rightEye;
+            QPointF leftEye;
+
+            if (src.file.contains("Affine_0") && src.file.contains("Affine_1")) {
+                rightEye = QtUtils::toPoint(pinEyes.at(0),&ok);
+                leftEye = QtUtils::toPoint(pinEyes.at(1),&ok);
+            }
+
+            if (!ok) {
+                rightEye = QtUtils::toPoint(src.file.get<QString>(pinEyes.at(0), QString()),&ok);
+                leftEye = QtUtils::toPoint(src.file.get<QString>(pinEyes.at(1), QString()),&ok);
+            }
+
+            float eyes[2 * stasm_NLANDMARKS];
+
+            if (ok) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < nLandmarks; i++) {
+                    if (i == 38) /*Stasm Right Eye*/ { eyes[2*i] = rightEye.x(); eyes[2*i+1] = rightEye.y(); }
+                    else if (i == 39)  /*Stasm Left Eye*/ { eyes[2*i] = leftEye.x(); eyes[2*i+1] = leftEye.y(); }
+                    else { eyes[2*i] = 0; eyes[2*i+1] = 0; }
+                }
+            } else qFatal("Unable to interpret pinned eyes.");
+
+            stasm_search_pinned(landmarks, eyes, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src.m().data), src.m().cols, src.m().rows, NULL);
+
+            // The ASM in Stasm is guaranteed to converge in this case
+            foundface = 1;
+        } stasm_search_single(&foundface, landmarks, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src.m().data), src.m().cols, src.m().rows, *stasmCascade, NULL, NULL);
  
         if (stasm3Format) {
             nLandmarks = 76;
@@ -83,13 +124,22 @@ class StasmTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
         stasmCascadeResource.release(stasmCascade);
  
-        if (!foundface) qWarning("No face found in %s", qPrintable(src.file.fileName()));
-        else {
-            for (int i = 0; i < nLandmarks; i++)
-                dst.file.appendPoint(QPointF(landmarks[2 * i], landmarks[2 * i + 1]));
+        // For convenience, if these are the only points/rects we want to deal with as the algorithm progresses
+        if (clearLandmarks) {
+            dst.file.clearPoints();
+            dst.file.clearRects();
         }
  
-        dst.m() = src.m();
+        if (!foundface) {
+            qWarning("No face found in %s", qPrintable(src.file.fileName()));
+        } else {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nLandmarks; i++) {
+                QPointF point(landmarks[2 * i], landmarks[2 * i + 1]);
+                dst.file.appendPoint(point);
+                if (i == 38) dst.file.set("StasmRightEye",point);
+                else if (i == 39) dst.file.set("StasmLeftEye", point);
+            }
+        }
     }
 };
  
 #include "openbr_internal.h"
+#include <QRegularExpression>
  
 namespace br
 {
@@ -25,6 +26,30 @@ class RetainTransform : public UntrainableTransform
  
 BR_REGISTER(Transform, RetainTransform)
  
+/*!
+ * \ingroup transforms
+ * \brief Remove templates with the specified file extension or metadata value.
+ * \author Josh Klontz \cite jklontz
+ */
+class RemoveTemplatesTransform : public UntrainableMetaTransform
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+    Q_PROPERTY(QString regexp READ get_regexp WRITE set_regexp RESET reset_regexp STORED false)
+    Q_PROPERTY(QString key READ get_key WRITE set_key RESET reset_key STORED false)
+    BR_PROPERTY(QString, regexp, "")
+    BR_PROPERTY(QString, key, "")
+
+    void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
+    {
+        const QRegularExpression re(regexp);
+        const QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match(key.isEmpty() ? src.file.suffix() : src.file.get<QString>(key));
+        if (match.hasMatch()) dst = Template();
+        else                  dst = src;
+    }
+};
+
+BR_REGISTER(Transform, RemoveTemplatesTransform)
+
 } // namespace br
  
 #include "template.moc"
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class CrossValidateTransform : public MetaTransform
                     if (subjectIndices.size() > 1 && subjectIndices.size() <= i) {
                         removed.append(subjectIndices[i%subjectIndices.size()]);
                     }
+                    // For the time being, we don't support addition training data added to every fold in the case of leaveOneImageOut
                     else if (partitionsBuffer[j] == i) {
                         removed.append(j);
                     }
@@ -87,7 +88,12 @@ class CrossValidateTransform : public MetaTransform
                     } else {
                         j--;
                     }
+                } else if (partitions[j] == -1) {
+                    // Keep data for training, but modify the partition so we project into the correct space
+                    partitionedData[j].file.set("Partition",i);
+                    j--;
                 } else if (partitions[j] == i) {
+                    // Remove data, it's designated for testing
                     partitionedData.removeAt(j);
                     j--;
                 } else j--;
@@ -99,7 +105,8 @@ class CrossValidateTransform : public MetaTransform
     }
  
     void project(const Template &src, Template &dst) const
-    {        
+    {
+        qDebug() << src.file.get<int>("Partition", 0);
         transforms[src.file.get<int>("Partition", 0)]->project(src, dst);
     }
  
@@ -35,6 +35,24 @@ if [ ! -d ../data/BioID/img ]; then
   rm *.eye description.txt BioID-FaceDatabase-V1.2.zip
 fi
  
+# INRIA person
+if [ ! -d ../data/INRIAPerson/img ]; then
+  echo "Downloading INRIA person dataset..."
+  if hash curl 2>/dev/null; then
+    curl -OL http://pascal.inrialpes.fr/data/human/INRIAPerson.tar
+  else
+    wget http://pascal.inrialpes.fr/data/human/INRIAPerson.tar
+  fi
+  tar -xf INRIAPerson.tar
+  mkdir ../data/INRIAPerson/img ../data/INRIAPerson/sigset
+  ./writeINRIAPersonSigset.sh Train > ../data/INRIAPerson/sigset/train.xml
+  ./writeINRIAPersonSigset.sh Test > ../data/INRIAPerson/sigset/test.xml
+  ./writeINRIAPersonSigset.sh train_64x128_H96 > ../data/INRIAPerson/sigset/train_normalized.xml
+  ./writeINRIAPersonSigset.sh test_64x128_H96 > ../data/INRIAPerson/sigset/test_normalized.xml
+  mv INRIAPerson/* ../data/INRIAPerson/img
+  rm -r INRIAPerson*
+fi
+
 # KTH
 if [ ! -d ../data/KTH/vid ]; then
   echo "Downloading KTH..."
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# prints out a <data:bbox> element from rectangle coordinates
+# (from the ViPER standard: http://viper-toolkit.sourceforge.net/docs/file/)
+printBBox()
+{
+    width=$(($3-$1))
+    height=$(($4-$2))
+    echo -e "\t\t\t<data:bbox height=\"$height\" width=\"$width\" x=\"$1\" y=\"$2\" />"
+}
+# export printBBox so xargs can call it using bash -c below
+export -f printBBox
+SEDREGEX='s/.*(\([0-9]*\), \([0-9]*\)) - (\([0-9]*\), \([0-9]*\))/printBBox \1 \2 \3 \4/'
+
+echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'
+echo '<biometric-signature-set>'
+
+# print out the positive image sigs
+for fullpath in INRIAPerson/$1/pos/*; do
+    # get just the filename, minus the path
+    filename=$(basename "$fullpath")
+    echo -e "\t<biometric-signature name=\"${filename%.*}\">"
+
+    # if this folder has annotations, add bounding boxes
+    echo -en "\t\t<presentation Label=\"pos\" file-name=\"$1/pos/$filename\""
+    if [ -d INRIAPerson/$1/annotations ]; then
+        echo ">"
+        annotation="INRIAPerson/$1/annotations/${filename%.*}.txt"
+        grep 'Bounding box' $annotation | sed "$SEDREGEX" | xargs -n 5 bash -c 'printBBox $@'
+        echo -e "\t\t</presentation>"
+    # otherwise, just end the presentation
+    else
+        echo " />"
+    fi
+
+    echo -e '\t</biometric-signature>'
+done
+
+# print out the negative image sigs
+for fullpath in INRIAPerson/$1/neg/*; do
+    filename=$(basename "$fullpath")
+    echo -e "\t<biometric-signature name=\"${filename%.*}\">"
+    echo -e "\t\t<presentation Label=\"neg\" file-name=\"$1/neg/$filename\" />"
+    echo -e '\t</biometric-signature>'
+done
+
+echo '</biometric-signature-set>'