Commit 3948142c515d33490b762e902f39b56ca2656035
1 parent
4bc60984
New random-test-slave
- rename test-master-random => random-test-master - fix memset - update README - add the files to configure.ac and wscript
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7 changed files
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144 additions
and
60 deletions
tests/Makefile.am
| 1 | noinst_PROGRAMS = \ | 1 | noinst_PROGRAMS = \ |
| 2 | - unit-test-master \ | 2 | + random-test-slave \ |
| 3 | + random-test-master \ | ||
| 3 | unit-test-slave \ | 4 | unit-test-slave \ |
| 4 | - test-master-random \ | 5 | + unit-test-master \ |
| 5 | bench-bandwidth-slave \ | 6 | bench-bandwidth-slave \ |
| 6 | bench-bandwidth-master | 7 | bench-bandwidth-master |
| 7 | 8 | ||
| 8 | common_ldflags = \ | 9 | common_ldflags = \ |
| 9 | $(top_builddir)/modbus/libmodbus.la | 10 | $(top_builddir)/modbus/libmodbus.la |
| 10 | 11 | ||
| 11 | -unit_test_master_SOURCES = unit-test-master.c | ||
| 12 | -unit_test_master_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | 12 | +random_test_slave_SOURCES = random-test-slave.c |
| 13 | +random_test_slave_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | ||
| 14 | + | ||
| 15 | +random_test_master_SOURCES = random-test-master.c | ||
| 16 | +random_test_master_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | ||
| 13 | 17 | ||
| 14 | unit_test_slave_SOURCES = unit-test-slave.c | 18 | unit_test_slave_SOURCES = unit-test-slave.c |
| 15 | unit_test_slave_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | 19 | unit_test_slave_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) |
| 16 | 20 | ||
| 17 | -test_master_random_SOURCES = test-master-random.c | ||
| 18 | -test_master_random_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | 21 | +unit_test_master_SOURCES = unit-test-master.c |
| 22 | +unit_test_master_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | ||
| 19 | 23 | ||
| 20 | bench_bandwidth_slave_SOURCES = bench-bandwidth-slave.c | 24 | bench_bandwidth_slave_SOURCES = bench-bandwidth-slave.c |
| 21 | bench_bandwidth_slave_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) | 25 | bench_bandwidth_slave_LDADD = $(common_ldflags) |
tests/README
| 1 | -test-master-random | 1 | +random-test-slave |
| 2 | +----------------- | ||
| 3 | +It's necessary to launch this server before run random-test-master. By | ||
| 4 | +default, it receives and responses to Modbus query on the localhost | ||
| 5 | +and port 1502. | ||
| 6 | + | ||
| 7 | +random-test-master | ||
| 2 | ------------------ | 8 | ------------------ |
| 3 | This programm sends many different queries to a large range of | 9 | This programm sends many different queries to a large range of |
| 4 | addresses and values to test the communication between the master and | 10 | addresses and values to test the communication between the master and |
| 5 | the slave. | 11 | the slave. |
| 6 | 12 | ||
| 7 | unit-test-slave | 13 | unit-test-slave |
| 8 | ---------------- | ||
| 9 | -It's necessary to launch this server before run unit-test-master. By | ||
| 10 | -default, it receives and responses to Modbus query on the localhost | ||
| 11 | -and port 1502. | ||
| 12 | - | ||
| 13 | unit-test-master | 14 | unit-test-master |
| 14 | ---------------- | 15 | ---------------- |
| 15 | By default, this program sends some queries with the values defined in | 16 | By default, this program sends some queries with the values defined in |
| @@ -17,10 +18,6 @@ unit-test.h and checks the responses. These programs are useful to | @@ -17,10 +18,6 @@ unit-test.h and checks the responses. These programs are useful to | ||
| 17 | test the protocol implementation. | 18 | test the protocol implementation. |
| 18 | 19 | ||
| 19 | bench-bandwidth-slave | 20 | bench-bandwidth-slave |
| 20 | ---------------------- | ||
| 21 | -It's a program very similar to unit-test-slave and works with | ||
| 22 | -bench-bandwidth-master. | ||
| 23 | - | ||
| 24 | bench-bandwidth-master | 21 | bench-bandwidth-master |
| 25 | ---------------------- | 22 | ---------------------- |
| 26 | It returns some very useful informations about the performance of | 23 | It returns some very useful informations about the performance of |
tests/bench-bandwidth-master.c
| @@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ int main(void) | @@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 53 | 53 | ||
| 54 | /* TCP */ | 54 | /* TCP */ |
| 55 | modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); | 55 | modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); |
| 56 | - | ||
| 57 | - modbus_connect(&mb_param); | 56 | + if (modbus_connect(&mb_param) == -1) { |
| 57 | + printf("ERROR Connection failed\n"); | ||
| 58 | + exit(1); | ||
| 59 | + } | ||
| 58 | 60 | ||
| 59 | /* Allocate and initialize the memory to store the status */ | 61 | /* Allocate and initialize the memory to store the status */ |
| 60 | tab_rp_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(MAX_STATUS * sizeof(uint8_t)); | 62 | tab_rp_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(MAX_STATUS * sizeof(uint8_t)); |
tests/test-master-random.c renamed to tests/random-test-master.c
| @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ | @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ | ||
| 38 | #define LOOP 1 | 38 | #define LOOP 1 |
| 39 | #define SLAVE 0x11 | 39 | #define SLAVE 0x11 |
| 40 | #define ADDRESS_START 0 | 40 | #define ADDRESS_START 0 |
| 41 | -#define ADDRESS_END 499 | 41 | +#define ADDRESS_END 3 |
| 42 | 42 | ||
| 43 | /* At each loop, the program works in the range ADDRESS_START to | 43 | /* At each loop, the program works in the range ADDRESS_START to |
| 44 | * ADDRESS_END then ADDRESS_START + 1 to ADDRESS_END and so on. | 44 | * ADDRESS_END then ADDRESS_START + 1 to ADDRESS_END and so on. |
| @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int main(void) | @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 49 | int nb_fail; | 49 | int nb_fail; |
| 50 | int nb_loop; | 50 | int nb_loop; |
| 51 | int addr; | 51 | int addr; |
| 52 | - int nb_points_total; | 52 | + int nb; |
| 53 | uint8_t *tab_rq_status; | 53 | uint8_t *tab_rq_status; |
| 54 | uint8_t *tab_rp_status; | 54 | uint8_t *tab_rp_status; |
| 55 | uint16_t *tab_rq_registers; | 55 | uint16_t *tab_rq_registers; |
| @@ -60,36 +60,40 @@ int main(void) | @@ -60,36 +60,40 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 60 | /* modbus_init_rtu(&mb_param, "/dev/ttyS0", 19200, "none", 8, 1); */ | 60 | /* modbus_init_rtu(&mb_param, "/dev/ttyS0", 19200, "none", 8, 1); */ |
| 61 | 61 | ||
| 62 | /* TCP */ | 62 | /* TCP */ |
| 63 | - modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "192.168.0.100", MODBUS_TCP_DEFAULT_PORT); | 63 | + modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); |
| 64 | modbus_set_debug(&mb_param, TRUE); | 64 | modbus_set_debug(&mb_param, TRUE); |
| 65 | - | ||
| 66 | - modbus_connect(&mb_param); | 65 | + if (modbus_connect(&mb_param) == -1) { |
| 66 | + printf("ERROR Connection failed\n"); | ||
| 67 | + exit(1); | ||
| 68 | + } | ||
| 67 | 69 | ||
| 68 | /* Allocate and initialize the different memory spaces */ | 70 | /* Allocate and initialize the different memory spaces */ |
| 69 | - nb_points_total = ADDRESS_END - ADDRESS_START; | 71 | + nb = ADDRESS_END - ADDRESS_START; |
| 72 | + | ||
| 73 | + tab_rq_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(nb * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 74 | + memset(tab_rq_status, 0, nb * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 70 | 75 | ||
| 71 | - tab_rq_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(nb_points_total * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 72 | - memset(tab_rq_status, 0, nb_points_total * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 73 | - tab_rp_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(nb_points_total * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 74 | - memset(tab_rp_status, 0, nb_points_total * sizeof(uint8_t)); | 76 | + tab_rp_status = (uint8_t *) malloc(nb * sizeof(uint8_t)); |
| 77 | + memset(tab_rp_status, 0, nb * sizeof(uint8_t)); | ||
| 75 | 78 | ||
| 76 | - tab_rq_registers = (uint16_t *) malloc(nb_points_total * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 77 | - memset(tab_rq_registers, 0, nb_points_total * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 78 | - tab_rp_registers = (uint16_t *) malloc(nb_points_total * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 79 | - memset(tab_rp_status, 0, nb_points_total * sizeof(uint16_t)); | 79 | + tab_rq_registers = (uint16_t *) malloc(nb * sizeof(uint16_t)); |
| 80 | + memset(tab_rq_registers, 0, nb * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 81 | + | ||
| 82 | + tab_rp_registers = (uint16_t *) malloc(nb * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 83 | + memset(tab_rp_registers, 0, nb * sizeof(uint16_t)); | ||
| 80 | 84 | ||
| 81 | nb_loop = nb_fail = 0; | 85 | nb_loop = nb_fail = 0; |
| 82 | while (nb_loop++ < LOOP) { | 86 | while (nb_loop++ < LOOP) { |
| 83 | for (addr = ADDRESS_START; addr <= ADDRESS_END; addr++) { | 87 | for (addr = ADDRESS_START; addr <= ADDRESS_END; addr++) { |
| 84 | int i; | 88 | int i; |
| 85 | - int nb_points; | ||
| 86 | 89 | ||
| 87 | /* Random numbers (short) */ | 90 | /* Random numbers (short) */ |
| 88 | - for (i=0; i<nb_points_total; i++) { | 91 | + for (i=0; i<nb; i++) { |
| 89 | tab_rq_registers[i] = (uint16_t) (65535.0*rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0)); | 92 | tab_rq_registers[i] = (uint16_t) (65535.0*rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0)); |
| 90 | tab_rq_status[i] = tab_rq_registers[i] % 2; | 93 | tab_rq_status[i] = tab_rq_registers[i] % 2; |
| 94 | + printf("%d = %d\n", i, tab_rq_status[i]); | ||
| 91 | } | 95 | } |
| 92 | - nb_points = ADDRESS_END - addr; | 96 | + nb = ADDRESS_END - addr; |
| 93 | 97 | ||
| 94 | /* SINGLE COIL */ | 98 | /* SINGLE COIL */ |
| 95 | ret = force_single_coil(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, tab_rq_status[0]); | 99 | ret = force_single_coil(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, tab_rq_status[0]); |
| @@ -109,21 +113,23 @@ int main(void) | @@ -109,21 +113,23 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 109 | } | 113 | } |
| 110 | 114 | ||
| 111 | /* MULTIPLE COILS */ | 115 | /* MULTIPLE COILS */ |
| 112 | - ret = force_multiple_coils(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, nb_points, tab_rq_status); | ||
| 113 | - if (ret != nb_points) { | 116 | + ret = force_multiple_coils(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, nb, tab_rq_status); |
| 117 | + if (ret != nb) { | ||
| 114 | printf("ERROR force_multiple_coils (%d)\n", ret); | 118 | printf("ERROR force_multiple_coils (%d)\n", ret); |
| 115 | - printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb_points = %d\n", | ||
| 116 | - SLAVE, addr, nb_points); | 119 | + printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb = %d\n", |
| 120 | + SLAVE, addr, nb); | ||
| 117 | nb_fail++; | 121 | nb_fail++; |
| 118 | } else { | 122 | } else { |
| 119 | - ret = read_coil_status(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, nb_points, tab_rp_status); | ||
| 120 | - if (ret != nb_points) { | 123 | + ret = read_coil_status(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, nb, tab_rp_status); |
| 124 | + if (ret != nb) { | ||
| 121 | printf("ERROR read_coil_status\n"); | 125 | printf("ERROR read_coil_status\n"); |
| 122 | - printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb_points = %d\n", | ||
| 123 | - SLAVE, addr, nb_points); | 126 | + printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb = %d\n", |
| 127 | + SLAVE, addr, nb); | ||
| 124 | nb_fail++; | 128 | nb_fail++; |
| 125 | } else { | 129 | } else { |
| 126 | - for (i=0; i<nb_points; i++) { | 130 | + for (i=0; i<nb; i++) { |
| 131 | + printf("i = %d, tab_rp_status[i] = %d, tab_rq_status[i] = %d\n", | ||
| 132 | + i, tab_rp_status[i], tab_rq_status[i]); | ||
| 127 | if (tab_rp_status[i] != tab_rq_status[i]) { | 133 | if (tab_rp_status[i] != tab_rq_status[i]) { |
| 128 | printf("ERROR read_coil_status "); | 134 | printf("ERROR read_coil_status "); |
| 129 | printf("(%d != %d)\n", tab_rp_status[i], tab_rq_status[i]); | 135 | printf("(%d != %d)\n", tab_rp_status[i], tab_rq_status[i]); |
| @@ -135,6 +141,8 @@ int main(void) | @@ -135,6 +141,8 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 135 | } | 141 | } |
| 136 | } | 142 | } |
| 137 | 143 | ||
| 144 | + break; | ||
| 145 | + | ||
| 138 | /* SINGLE REGISTER */ | 146 | /* SINGLE REGISTER */ |
| 139 | ret = preset_single_register(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, tab_rq_registers[0]); | 147 | ret = preset_single_register(&mb_param, SLAVE, addr, tab_rq_registers[0]); |
| 140 | if (ret != 1) { | 148 | if (ret != 1) { |
| @@ -164,22 +172,22 @@ int main(void) | @@ -164,22 +172,22 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 164 | 172 | ||
| 165 | /* MULTIPLE REGISTERS */ | 173 | /* MULTIPLE REGISTERS */ |
| 166 | ret = preset_multiple_registers(&mb_param, SLAVE, | 174 | ret = preset_multiple_registers(&mb_param, SLAVE, |
| 167 | - addr, nb_points, tab_rq_registers); | ||
| 168 | - if (ret != nb_points) { | 175 | + addr, nb, tab_rq_registers); |
| 176 | + if (ret != nb) { | ||
| 169 | printf("ERROR preset_multiple_registers (%d)\n", ret); | 177 | printf("ERROR preset_multiple_registers (%d)\n", ret); |
| 170 | - printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb_points = %d\n", | ||
| 171 | - SLAVE, addr, nb_points); | 178 | + printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb = %d\n", |
| 179 | + SLAVE, addr, nb); | ||
| 172 | nb_fail++; | 180 | nb_fail++; |
| 173 | } else { | 181 | } else { |
| 174 | ret = read_holding_registers(&mb_param, SLAVE, | 182 | ret = read_holding_registers(&mb_param, SLAVE, |
| 175 | - addr, nb_points, tab_rp_registers); | ||
| 176 | - if (ret != nb_points) { | 183 | + addr, nb, tab_rp_registers); |
| 184 | + if (ret != nb) { | ||
| 177 | printf("ERROR read_holding_registers (%d)\n", ret); | 185 | printf("ERROR read_holding_registers (%d)\n", ret); |
| 178 | - printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb_points = %d\n", | ||
| 179 | - SLAVE, addr, nb_points); | 186 | + printf("Slave = %d, address = %d, nb = %d\n", |
| 187 | + SLAVE, addr, nb); | ||
| 180 | nb_fail++; | 188 | nb_fail++; |
| 181 | } else { | 189 | } else { |
| 182 | - for (i=0; i<nb_points; i++) { | 190 | + for (i=0; i<nb; i++) { |
| 183 | if (tab_rq_registers[i] != tab_rp_registers[i]) { | 191 | if (tab_rq_registers[i] != tab_rp_registers[i]) { |
| 184 | printf("ERROR read_holding_registers "); | 192 | printf("ERROR read_holding_registers "); |
| 185 | printf("(%d != %d)\n", | 193 | printf("(%d != %d)\n", |
| @@ -200,10 +208,10 @@ int main(void) | @@ -200,10 +208,10 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 200 | } | 208 | } |
| 201 | 209 | ||
| 202 | /* Free the memory */ | 210 | /* Free the memory */ |
| 203 | - free(tab_rp_status); | ||
| 204 | free(tab_rq_status); | 211 | free(tab_rq_status); |
| 205 | - free(tab_rp_registers); | 212 | + free(tab_rp_status); |
| 206 | free(tab_rq_registers); | 213 | free(tab_rq_registers); |
| 214 | + free(tab_rp_registers); | ||
| 207 | 215 | ||
| 208 | /* Close the connection */ | 216 | /* Close the connection */ |
| 209 | modbus_close(&mb_param); | 217 | modbus_close(&mb_param); |
tests/random-test-slave.c
0 → 100644
| 1 | +/* | ||
| 2 | + * Copyright © 2008 Stéphane Raimbault <stephane.raimbault@gmail.com> | ||
| 3 | + * | ||
| 4 | + * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | ||
| 5 | + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | ||
| 6 | + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or | ||
| 7 | + * (at your option) any later version. | ||
| 8 | + * | ||
| 9 | + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
| 10 | + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
| 11 | + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
| 12 | + * GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
| 13 | + * | ||
| 14 | + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | ||
| 15 | + * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | ||
| 16 | + */ | ||
| 17 | + | ||
| 18 | +#include <stdio.h> | ||
| 19 | +#include <unistd.h> | ||
| 20 | +#include <stdlib.h> | ||
| 21 | + | ||
| 22 | +#include <modbus/modbus.h> | ||
| 23 | + | ||
| 24 | +int main(void) | ||
| 25 | +{ | ||
| 26 | + int socket; | ||
| 27 | + modbus_param_t mb_param; | ||
| 28 | + modbus_mapping_t mb_mapping; | ||
| 29 | + int ret; | ||
| 30 | + | ||
| 31 | + modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); | ||
| 32 | + modbus_set_debug(&mb_param, TRUE); | ||
| 33 | + | ||
| 34 | + ret = modbus_mapping_new(&mb_mapping, 500, 500, 500, 500); | ||
| 35 | + if (ret == FALSE) { | ||
| 36 | + printf("Memory allocation failed\n"); | ||
| 37 | + exit(1); | ||
| 38 | + } | ||
| 39 | + | ||
| 40 | + socket = modbus_init_listen_tcp(&mb_param); | ||
| 41 | + | ||
| 42 | + while (1) { | ||
| 43 | + uint8_t query[MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH]; | ||
| 44 | + int query_size; | ||
| 45 | + | ||
| 46 | + ret = modbus_listen(&mb_param, query, &query_size); | ||
| 47 | + if (ret == 0) { | ||
| 48 | + manage_query(&mb_param, query, query_size, &mb_mapping); | ||
| 49 | + } else if (ret == CONNECTION_CLOSED) { | ||
| 50 | + /* Connection closed by the client, end of server */ | ||
| 51 | + break; | ||
| 52 | + } else { | ||
| 53 | + printf("Error in modbus_listen (%d)\n", ret); | ||
| 54 | + } | ||
| 55 | + } | ||
| 56 | + | ||
| 57 | + close(socket); | ||
| 58 | + modbus_mapping_free(&mb_mapping); | ||
| 59 | + modbus_close(&mb_param); | ||
| 60 | + | ||
| 61 | + return 0; | ||
| 62 | +} | ||
| 63 | + |
tests/unit-test-master.c
| @@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ int main(void) | @@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ int main(void) | ||
| 45 | modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); | 45 | modbus_init_tcp(&mb_param, "127.0.0.1", 1502); |
| 46 | /* modbus_set_debug(&mb_param, TRUE);*/ | 46 | /* modbus_set_debug(&mb_param, TRUE);*/ |
| 47 | 47 | ||
| 48 | - modbus_connect(&mb_param); | 48 | + if (modbus_connect(&mb_param) == -1) { |
| 49 | + printf("ERROR Connection failed\n"); | ||
| 50 | + exit(1); | ||
| 51 | + } | ||
| 49 | 52 | ||
| 50 | /* Allocate and initialize the memory to store the status */ | 53 | /* Allocate and initialize the memory to store the status */ |
| 51 | nb_points = (UT_COIL_STATUS_NB_POINTS > UT_INPUT_STATUS_NB_POINTS) ? | 54 | nb_points = (UT_COIL_STATUS_NB_POINTS > UT_INPUT_STATUS_NB_POINTS) ? |
tests/wscript
| 1 | def build(bld): | 1 | def build(bld): |
| 2 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') | 2 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') |
| 3 | - obj.source = 'unit-test-master.c' | 3 | + obj.source = 'random-test-slave.c' |
| 4 | obj.includes = '. ..' | 4 | obj.includes = '. ..' |
| 5 | obj.uselib_local = 'modbus' | 5 | obj.uselib_local = 'modbus' |
| 6 | - obj.target = 'unit-test-master' | 6 | + obj.target = 'random-test-slave' |
| 7 | + obj.inst_var = 0 | ||
| 8 | + | ||
| 9 | + obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') | ||
| 10 | + obj.source = 'random-test-master.c' | ||
| 11 | + obj.includes = '. ..' | ||
| 12 | + obj.uselib_local = 'modbus' | ||
| 13 | + obj.target = 'random-test-master' | ||
| 7 | obj.inst_var = 0 | 14 | obj.inst_var = 0 |
| 8 | 15 | ||
| 9 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') | 16 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') |
| @@ -14,10 +21,10 @@ def build(bld): | @@ -14,10 +21,10 @@ def build(bld): | ||
| 14 | obj.inst_var = 0 | 21 | obj.inst_var = 0 |
| 15 | 22 | ||
| 16 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') | 23 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') |
| 17 | - obj.source = 'test-master-random.c' | 24 | + obj.source = 'unit-test-master.c' |
| 18 | obj.includes = '. ..' | 25 | obj.includes = '. ..' |
| 19 | obj.uselib_local = 'modbus' | 26 | obj.uselib_local = 'modbus' |
| 20 | - obj.target = 'test-master-random' | 27 | + obj.target = 'unit-test-master' |
| 21 | obj.inst_var = 0 | 28 | obj.inst_var = 0 |
| 22 | 29 | ||
| 23 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') | 30 | obj = bld.create_obj('cc', 'program') |