OpenSystemsDevelopment / qpdf

Replace most of the calls to QUtil::copy_string with this instead.

This commit adds the preserve_eol flags but doesn't implement EOL
preservation yet.

This code was essentially duplicated between test_driver and
standalone_fuzz_target_runner.

This makes all integer type conversions that have potential data loss
explicit with calls that do range checks and raise an exception. After
this commit, qpdf builds with no warnings when -Wsign-conversion
-Wconversion is used with gcc or clang or when -W3 -Wd4800 is used
with MSVC. This significantly reduces the likelihood of potential
crashes from bogus integer values.

There are some parts of the code that take int when they should take
size_t or an offset. Such places would make qpdf not support files
with more than 2^31 of something that usually wouldn't be so large. In
the event that such a file shows up and is valid, at least qpdf would
raise an error in the right spot so the issue could be legitimately
addressed rather than failing in some weird way because of a silent
overflow condition.

This fix allows qpdf to compile/test cleanly with gcc 8.

fopen was previuosly called wrapped by QUtil::fopen_wrapper, but
QUtil::safe_fopen does this itself, which is less cumbersome.

Remove needless calls to open, close, and fileno; call remove instead
of unlink.

Put a specific comment marker next to every piece of code that MSVC
gives warning 4996 for.  This warning is generated for calls to
functions that Microsoft considers insecure or deprecated.  This
change is in preparation for fixing all these cases even though none
of them are actually incorrect or insecure as used in qpdf.  The
comment marker makes them easier to find so they can be fixed in
subsequent commits.