OpenSystemsDevelopment / qpdf

There were a few places in the code that were checking that a pointer
wasn't null before deleting it, even though C++ has always allowed
delete 0. Most of the code did not perform these checks.

Turns out you can keep adding zero to a number over and over again and
it just doesn't get any bigger. Who would have known?

Implement a TokenFilter class and refactor Pl_QPDFTokenizer to use a
TokenFilter class called ContentNormalizer. Pl_QPDFTokenizer is now a
general filter that passes data through a TokenFilter.

This is useful only for debugging the linearization code.

Tweak the message so that we inform the user that we are mitigating
data loss.

The latter catches underflow/overflow.

Reduce code duplication

Remove duplicated coverage cases from Sahil's code so existing test
suite passes.

* Add support for PCLm using setPCLm() and writePCLm() methods in
  QPDFWriter.hh and QPDFWriter.cc
* Add a function writePCLmHeader() for PCLm header in QPDFWriter

There is no need for a --precheck-streams option. We can do the
precheck without imposing any penalty, only re-encoding the stream if
it fails the first time.

This commit adds several API methods that enable control over which
types of filters QPDF will attempt to decode. It also adds support for
/RunLengthDecode and /DCTDecode filters for both encoding and
decoding.

Add a newline unconditionally before endstream even if a newline was
already written as part of the stream data.

Bad /W in an xref stream could cause a division by zero error. Now
this is handled as a special case.

When requested, QPDFWriter will do more aggress prechecking of streams
to make sure it can actually succeed in decoding them before
attempting to do so. This will allow preservation of raw data even
when the raw data is corrupted relative to the specified filters.

Since we have to bump soname, remove some private methods that were
just there for binary compatibility

For non-encrypted files, determinstic ID generation uses file contents
instead of timestamp and file name. At a small runtime cost, this
enables generation of the same /ID if the same inputs are converted in
the same way multiple times.

QPDFWriter was trying to make /Filter and /DecodeParms direct in all
cases, but there are some cases where /DecodeParms may refer to a
stream, which can't be direct. QPDFWriter doesn't actually need
/DecodeParms to be direct in that case because it won't be able to
filter the stream. Until we can handle this type of stream, just don't
make /Filter and /DecodeParms direct if we can't filter the stream
anyway.

Fixes #34

Fix problem: if the last object in the first part of a linearized file
had an offset that was below 65536 by less than the size of the hint
stream, the xref stream was invalid and the resulting file is not
usable.

Also remove some trivial, non-functional code.

Also accept -accessibility=n with 256 bit keys even though it will be
ignored.

For std::string and std::vector, replace operator[] with at.  This was
done using an automated process.  See README.hardening for details.

Ideally, the library should never call assert outside of test code,
but it does in several places.  For some cases where the assertion
might conceivably fail because of a problem with the input data,
replace assertions with exceptions so that they can be trapped by the
calling application.  This commit surely misses some cases and
replaced some cases unnecessarily, but it should still be an
improvement.

4.2.0 was binary incompatible in spite of there being no deletions or
changes to any public methods.  As such, we have to bump the ABI and
are fixing some API breakage while we're at it.

Previous 4.3.0 target is now 5.1.0.

Thanks to Jiri Popelka from Red Hat for sending the output of a
Coverity run over qpdf.