QPDFJob increment: move arg parsing into QPDFJob

Move ArgParser from qpdf.cc into QPDFJob.cc. It still works with millions of public member variables, but now qpdf.cc is minimal and just calls stable library functions.

QPDFJob increment: move arg parsing into QPDFJob
Move ArgParser from qpdf.cc into QPDFJob.cc. It still works with millions of public member variables, but now qpdf.cc is minimal and just calls stable library functions.
Jay Berkenbilt
1 parent 23b64f83
Showing 8 changed files with 2468 additions and 2390 deletions
include/qpdf/QPDFArgParser.hh
include/qpdf/QPDFJob.hh
libqpdf/QPDFArgParser.cc
libqpdf/QPDFJob.cc
libqpdf/QPDFJob_argv.cc
libqpdf/build.mk
qpdf/qpdf.cc
qpdf/qtest/qpdf/split-pages-stdout.out
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ class QPDFArgParser
     QPDF_DLL
     void parseArgs();
+    // Return the program name as the last path element of the program
+    // executable.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getProgname();
+
     // Methods for registering arguments. QPDFArgParser starts off
     // with the main option table selected. You can add handlers for
     // arguments in the current option table, and you can select which
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <qpdf/PointerHolder.hh>
 #include <qpdf/QPDF.hh>
 #include <qpdf/QPDFPageObjectHelper.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFArgParser.hh>
 #include <string>
 #include <list>
@@ -44,6 +45,29 @@ class QPDFJob
     QPDF_DLL
     QPDFJob();
+    // Initialize a QPDFJob object from argv. The progname_env
+    // argument is the name of an environment variable which, if set,
+    // overrides the name of the executable for purposes of generating
+    // the --completion options. See QPDFArgParser for details. If a
+    // null pointer is passed in, the default value of
+    // "QPDF_EXECUTABLE" is used. This is used by the QPDF cli, which
+    // just initializes a QPDFJob from argv, calls run(), and handles
+    // errors and exit status issues. You can perform much of the cli
+    // functionality programmatically in this way rather than using
+    // the regular API. This is exposed in the C API, which makes it
+    // easier to get certain high-level qpdf functionality from other
+    // languages. If there are any command-line errors, this method
+    // will throw QPDFArgParser::Usage which is derived from
+    // std::runtime_error. Other exceptions may be thrown in some
+    // cases. Note that argc, and argv should be UTF-8 encoded. If you
+    // are calling this from a Windows Unicode-aware main (wmain), see
+    // QUtil::call_main_from_wmain for information about converting
+    // arguments to UTF-8. This method will mutate arguments that are
+    // passed to it.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void initializeFromArgv(int argc, char* argv[],
+                            char const* progname_env = nullptr);
+
     // Set name that is used to prefix verbose messages, progress
     // messages, and other things that the library writes to output
     // and error streams on the caller's behalf. Defaults to "qpdf".
@@ -74,6 +98,9 @@ class QPDFJob
     bool suppressWarnings();
     QPDF_DLL
+    bool warningsExitZero();
+
+    QPDF_DLL
     bool checkRequiresPassword();
     QPDF_DLL
@@ -180,6 +207,7 @@ class QPDFJob
     bool verbose;
     bool progress;
     bool suppress_warnings;
+    bool warnings_exit_zero;
     bool copy_encryption;
     char const* encryption_file;
     char const* encryption_file_password;
@@ -367,6 +395,7 @@ class QPDFJob
         std::ostream* cout;
         std::ostream* cerr;
         unsigned long encryption_status;
+        PointerHolder<QPDFArgParser> ap;
     };
     PointerHolder<Members> m;
 };
@@ -662,6 +662,12 @@ QPDFArgParser::parseArgs()
     }
 }
+std::string
+QPDFArgParser::getProgname()
+{
+    return this->m->whoami;
+}
+
 void
 QPDFArgParser::doFinalChecks()
 {
@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ QPDFJob::QPDFJob() :
     verbose(false),
     progress(false),
     suppress_warnings(false),
+    warnings_exit_zero(false),
     copy_encryption(false),
     encryption_file(0),
     encryption_file_password(0),
@@ -529,6 +530,12 @@ QPDFJob::suppressWarnings()
 }
 bool
+QPDFJob::warningsExitZero()
+{
+    return this->warnings_exit_zero;
+}
+
+bool
 QPDFJob::checkRequiresPassword()
 {
     return this->check_requires_password;
+#include <qpdf/QPDFJob.hh>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <qpdf/QUtil.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QTC.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFCryptoProvider.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFArgParser.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFJob.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QIntC.hh>
+
+namespace
+{
+    class ArgParser
+    {
+      public:
+        ArgParser(QPDFArgParser& ap, QPDFJob& o);
+        void parseOptions();
+
+      private:
+        static constexpr char const* O_PAGES = "pages";
+        static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT = "encryption";
+        static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_40 = "40-bit encryption";
+        static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_128 = "128-bit encryption";
+        static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_256 = "256-bit encryption";
+        static constexpr char const* O_UNDER_OVERLAY = "underlay/overlay";
+        static constexpr char const* O_ATTACHMENT = "attachment";
+        static constexpr char const* O_COPY_ATTACHMENT = "copy attachment";
+
+        void argHelp();
+        void argVersion();
+        void argCopyright();
+        void argJsonHelp();
+        void argShowCrypto();
+        void argPositional(char* arg);
+        void argPassword(char* parameter);
+        void argPasswordFile(char* parameter);
+        void argEmpty();
+        void argLinearize();
+        void argEncrypt();
+        void argDecrypt();
+        void argPasswordIsHexKey();
+        void argAllowInsecure();
+        void argAllowWeakCrypto();
+        void argPasswordMode(char* parameter);
+        void argSuppressPasswordRecovery();
+        void argCopyEncryption(char* parameter);
+        void argEncryptionFilePassword(char* parameter);
+        void argPages();
+        void argPagesPassword(char* parameter);
+        void argPagesPositional(char* parameter);
+        void argEndPages();
+        void argUnderlay();
+        void argOverlay();
+        void argRotate(char* parameter);
+        void argCollate(char* parameter);
+        void argFlattenRotation();
+        void argListAttachments();
+        void argShowAttachment(char* parameter);
+        void argRemoveAttachment(char* parameter);
+        void argAddAttachment();
+        void argCopyAttachments();
+        void argStreamData(char* parameter);
+        void argCompressStreams(char* parameter);
+        void argRecompressFlate();
+        void argCompressionLevel(char* parameter);
+        void argDecodeLevel(char* parameter);
+        void argNormalizeContent(char* parameter);
+        void argSuppressRecovery();
+        void argObjectStreams(char* parameter);
+        void argIgnoreXrefStreams();
+        void argQdf();
+        void argPreserveUnreferenced();
+        void argPreserveUnreferencedResources();
+        void argRemoveUnreferencedResources(char* parameter);
+        void argKeepFilesOpen(char* parameter);
+        void argKeepFilesOpenThreshold(char* parameter);
+        void argNewlineBeforeEndstream();
+        void argLinearizePass1(char* parameter);
+        void argCoalesceContents();
+        void argFlattenAnnotations(char* parameter);
+        void argGenerateAppearances();
+        void argMinVersion(char* parameter);
+        void argForceVersion(char* parameter);
+        void argSplitPages(char* parameter);
+        void argVerbose();
+        void argProgress();
+        void argNoWarn();
+        void argWarningExitZero();
+        void argDeterministicId();
+        void argStaticId();
+        void argStaticAesIv();
+        void argNoOriginalObjectIds();
+        void argShowEncryption();
+        void argShowEncryptionKey();
+        void argCheckLinearization();
+        void argShowLinearization();
+        void argShowXref();
+        void argShowObject(char* parameter);
+        void argRawStreamData();
+        void argFilteredStreamData();
+        void argShowNpages();
+        void argShowPages();
+        void argWithImages();
+        void argJson();
+        void argJsonKey(char* parameter);
+        void argJsonObject(char* parameter);
+        void argCheck();
+        void argOptimizeImages();
+        void argExternalizeInlineImages();
+        void argKeepInlineImages();
+        void argRemovePageLabels();
+        void argOiMinWidth(char* parameter);
+        void argOiMinHeight(char* parameter);
+        void argOiMinArea(char* parameter);
+        void argIiMinBytes(char* parameter);
+        void arg40Print(char* parameter);
+        void arg40Modify(char* parameter);
+        void arg40Extract(char* parameter);
+        void arg40Annotate(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Accessibility(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Extract(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Print(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Modify(char* parameter);
+        void arg128ClearTextMetadata();
+        void arg128Assemble(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Annotate(char* parameter);
+        void arg128Form(char* parameter);
+        void arg128ModOther(char* parameter);
+        void arg128UseAes(char* parameter);
+        void arg128ForceV4();
+        void arg256ForceR5();
+        void argEncryptPositional(char* arg);
+        void argEndEncrypt();
+        void argUOpositional(char* arg);
+        void argUOto(char* parameter);
+        void argUOfrom(char* parameter);
+        void argUOrepeat(char* parameter);
+        void argUOpassword(char* parameter);
+        void argEndUnderOverlay();
+        void argReplaceInput();
+        void argIsEncrypted();
+        void argRequiresPassword();
+        void argAApositional(char* arg);
+        void argAAKey(char* parameter);
+        void argAAFilename(char* parameter);
+        void argAACreationDate(char* parameter);
+        void argAAModDate(char* parameter);
+        void argAAMimeType(char* parameter);
+        void argAADescription(char* parameter);
+        void argAAReplace();
+        void argEndAddAttachment();
+        void argCApositional(char* arg);
+        void argCAprefix(char* parameter);
+        void argCApassword(char* parameter);
+        void argEndCopyAttachments();
+
+        void usage(std::string const& message);
+        void initOptionTable();
+        void doFinalChecks();
+        void parseUnderOverlayOptions(QPDFJob::UnderOverlay*);
+        void parseRotationParameter(std::string const&);
+        std::vector<int> parseNumrange(char const* range, int max,
+                                       bool throw_error = false);
+
+        QPDFArgParser ap;
+        QPDFJob& o;
+        std::vector<char*> accumulated_args; // points to member in ap
+        char* pages_password;
+    };
+}
+
+ArgParser::ArgParser(QPDFArgParser& ap, QPDFJob& o) :
+    ap(ap),
+    o(o),
+    pages_password(nullptr)
+{
+    initOptionTable();
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::initOptionTable()
+{
+    auto b = [this](void (ArgParser::*f)()) {
+        return QPDFArgParser::bindBare(f, this);
+    };
+    auto p = [this](void (ArgParser::*f)(char *)) {
+        return QPDFArgParser::bindParam(f, this);
+    };
+
+    this->ap.addFinalCheck(b(&ArgParser::doFinalChecks));
+
+    this->ap.selectHelpOptionTable();
+    this->ap.addBare("help", b(&ArgParser::argHelp));
+    this->ap.addBare("version", b(&ArgParser::argVersion));
+    this->ap.addBare("copyright", b(&ArgParser::argCopyright));
+    this->ap.addBare("json-help", b(&ArgParser::argJsonHelp));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-crypto", b(&ArgParser::argShowCrypto));
+
+    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
+    char const* yn[] = {"y", "n", 0};
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argPositional));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
+        p(&ArgParser::argPassword), "password");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password-file",
+        p(&ArgParser::argPasswordFile), "password-file");
+    this->ap.addBare("empty", b(&ArgParser::argEmpty));
+    this->ap.addBare("linearize", b(&ArgParser::argLinearize));
+    this->ap.addBare("decrypt", b(&ArgParser::argDecrypt));
+    this->ap.addBare("password-is-hex-key", b(&ArgParser::argPasswordIsHexKey));
+    this->ap.addBare("suppress-password-recovery",
+                     b(&ArgParser::argSuppressPasswordRecovery));
+    char const* password_mode_choices[] =
+        {"bytes", "hex-bytes", "unicode", "auto", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("password-mode",
+        p(&ArgParser::argPasswordMode), password_mode_choices);
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("copy-encryption",
+        p(&ArgParser::argCopyEncryption), "file");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("encryption-file-password",
+        p(&ArgParser::argEncryptionFilePassword), "password");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("rotate",
+        p(&ArgParser::argRotate), "[+|-]angle:page-range");
+    char const* stream_data_choices[] =
+        {"compress", "preserve", "uncompress", 0};
+    this->ap.addOptionalParameter("collate",p(&ArgParser::argCollate));
+    this->ap.addBare("flatten-rotation", b(&ArgParser::argFlattenRotation));
+    this->ap.addBare("list-attachments", b(&ArgParser::argListAttachments));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("show-attachment",
+        p(&ArgParser::argShowAttachment), "attachment-key");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("remove-attachment",
+        p(&ArgParser::argRemoveAttachment), "attachment-key");
+    this->ap.addBare("add-attachment", b(&ArgParser::argAddAttachment));
+    this->ap.addBare(
+        "copy-attachments-from", b(&ArgParser::argCopyAttachments));
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("stream-data",
+        p(&ArgParser::argStreamData), stream_data_choices);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("compress-streams",
+        p(&ArgParser::argCompressStreams), yn);
+    this->ap.addBare("recompress-flate", b(&ArgParser::argRecompressFlate));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("compression-level",
+        p(&ArgParser::argCompressionLevel), "level");
+    char const* decode_level_choices[] =
+        {"none", "generalized", "specialized", "all", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("decode-level",
+        p(&ArgParser::argDecodeLevel), decode_level_choices);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("normalize-content",
+        p(&ArgParser::argNormalizeContent), yn);
+    this->ap.addBare("suppress-recovery", b(&ArgParser::argSuppressRecovery));
+    char const* object_streams_choices[] = {
+        "disable", "preserve", "generate", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("object-streams",
+        p(&ArgParser::argObjectStreams), object_streams_choices);
+    this->ap.addBare(
+        "ignore-xref-streams", b(&ArgParser::argIgnoreXrefStreams));
+    this->ap.addBare("qdf", b(&ArgParser::argQdf));
+    this->ap.addBare(
+        "preserve-unreferenced", b(&ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferenced));
+    this->ap.addBare(
+        "preserve-unreferenced-resources",
+        b(&ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferencedResources));
+    char const* remove_unref_choices[] = {
+        "auto", "yes", "no", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("remove-unreferenced-resources",
+        p(&ArgParser::argRemoveUnreferencedResources), remove_unref_choices);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("keep-files-open",
+        p(&ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpen), yn);
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("keep-files-open-threshold",
+        p(&ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpenThreshold), "count");
+    this->ap.addBare("newline-before-endstream", b(&ArgParser::argNewlineBeforeEndstream));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("linearize-pass1",
+        p(&ArgParser::argLinearizePass1), "filename");
+    this->ap.addBare("coalesce-contents", b(&ArgParser::argCoalesceContents));
+    char const* flatten_choices[] = {"all", "print", "screen", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("flatten-annotations",
+        p(&ArgParser::argFlattenAnnotations), flatten_choices);
+    this->ap.addBare("generate-appearances", b(&ArgParser::argGenerateAppearances));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("min-version",
+        p(&ArgParser::argMinVersion), "version");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("force-version",
+        p(&ArgParser::argForceVersion), "version");
+    this->ap.addOptionalParameter("split-pages",p(&ArgParser::argSplitPages));
+    this->ap.addBare("verbose", b(&ArgParser::argVerbose));
+    this->ap.addBare("progress", b(&ArgParser::argProgress));
+    this->ap.addBare("no-warn", b(&ArgParser::argNoWarn));
+    this->ap.addBare("warning-exit-0", b(&ArgParser::argWarningExitZero));
+    this->ap.addBare("deterministic-id", b(&ArgParser::argDeterministicId));
+    this->ap.addBare("static-id", b(&ArgParser::argStaticId));
+    this->ap.addBare("static-aes-iv", b(&ArgParser::argStaticAesIv));
+    this->ap.addBare("no-original-object-ids", b(&ArgParser::argNoOriginalObjectIds));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-encryption", b(&ArgParser::argShowEncryption));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-encryption-key", b(&ArgParser::argShowEncryptionKey));
+    this->ap.addBare("check-linearization", b(&ArgParser::argCheckLinearization));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-linearization", b(&ArgParser::argShowLinearization));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-xref", b(&ArgParser::argShowXref));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("show-object",
+        p(&ArgParser::argShowObject), "trailer|obj[,gen]");
+    this->ap.addBare("raw-stream-data", b(&ArgParser::argRawStreamData));
+    this->ap.addBare("filtered-stream-data", b(&ArgParser::argFilteredStreamData));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-npages", b(&ArgParser::argShowNpages));
+    this->ap.addBare("show-pages", b(&ArgParser::argShowPages));
+    this->ap.addBare("with-images", b(&ArgParser::argWithImages));
+    this->ap.addBare("json", b(&ArgParser::argJson));
+    // QXXXQ
+    // The list of selectable top-level keys id duplicated in three
+    // places: json_schema, do_json, and initOptionTable.
+    char const* json_key_choices[] = {
+        "objects", "objectinfo", "pages", "pagelabels", "outlines",
+        "acroform", "encrypt", "attachments", 0};
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("json-key",
+        p(&ArgParser::argJsonKey), json_key_choices);
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("json-object",
+        p(&ArgParser::argJsonObject), "trailer|obj[,gen]");
+    this->ap.addBare("check", b(&ArgParser::argCheck));
+    this->ap.addBare("optimize-images", b(&ArgParser::argOptimizeImages));
+    this->ap.addBare("externalize-inline-images", b(&ArgParser::argExternalizeInlineImages));
+    this->ap.addBare("keep-inline-images", b(&ArgParser::argKeepInlineImages));
+    this->ap.addBare("remove-page-labels", b(&ArgParser::argRemovePageLabels));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-width",
+        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinWidth), "minimum-width");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-height",
+        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinHeight), "minimum-height");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-area",
+        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinArea), "minimum-area");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("ii-min-bytes",
+        p(&ArgParser::argIiMinBytes), "minimum-bytes");
+    this->ap.addBare("overlay", b(&ArgParser::argOverlay));
+    this->ap.addBare("underlay", b(&ArgParser::argUnderlay));
+    this->ap.addBare("replace-input", b(&ArgParser::argReplaceInput));
+    this->ap.addBare("is-encrypted", b(&ArgParser::argIsEncrypted));
+    this->ap.addBare("requires-password", b(&ArgParser::argRequiresPassword));
+    this->ap.addBare("allow-weak-crypto", b(&ArgParser::argAllowWeakCrypto));
+
+    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
+    this->ap.addBare("pages", b(&ArgParser::argPages));
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_PAGES, b(&ArgParser::argEndPages));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter(
+        "password", p(&ArgParser::argPagesPassword), "password");
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argPagesPositional));
+
+    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
+    this->ap.addBare("encrypt", b(&ArgParser::argEncrypt));
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argEncryptPositional));
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_40, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("extract",p(&ArgParser::arg40Extract), yn);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("annotate",p(&ArgParser::arg40Annotate), yn);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("print",p(&ArgParser::arg40Print), yn);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify",p(&ArgParser::arg40Modify), yn);
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
+    for (char const* k: {O_ENCRYPT_128, O_ENCRYPT_256})
+    {
+        this->ap.selectOptionTable(k);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("accessibility",
+                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Accessibility), yn);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("extract", p(&ArgParser::arg128Extract), yn);
+        char const* print128_choices[] = {"full", "low", "none", 0};
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("print",
+                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Print), print128_choices);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("assemble",p(&ArgParser::arg128Assemble), yn);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("annotate",p(&ArgParser::arg128Annotate), yn);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("form",p(&ArgParser::arg128Form), yn);
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify-other",p(&ArgParser::arg128ModOther), yn);
+        char const* modify128_choices[] =
+            {"all", "annotate", "form", "assembly", "none", 0};
+        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify",
+                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Modify), modify128_choices);
+        this->ap.addBare("cleartext-metadata", b(&ArgParser::arg128ClearTextMetadata));
+    }
+
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128);
+    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("use-aes",p(&ArgParser::arg128UseAes), yn);
+    this->ap.addBare("force-V4", b(&ArgParser::arg128ForceV4));
+
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256);
+    this->ap.addBare("force-R5", b(&ArgParser::arg256ForceR5));
+    this->ap.addBare("allow-insecure", b(&ArgParser::argAllowInsecure));
+
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_UNDER_OVERLAY, b(&ArgParser::argEndUnderOverlay));
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argUOpositional));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("to",
+        p(&ArgParser::argUOto), "page-range");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("from",
+        p(&ArgParser::argUOfrom), "page-range");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("repeat",
+        p(&ArgParser::argUOrepeat), "page-range");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
+        p(&ArgParser::argUOpassword), "password");
+
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ATTACHMENT, b(&ArgParser::argEndAddAttachment));
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argAApositional));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("key",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAAKey), "attachment-key");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("filename",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAAFilename), "filename");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("creationdate",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAACreationDate), "creation-date");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("moddate",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAAModDate), "modification-date");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("mimetype",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAAMimeType), "mime/type");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("description",
+        p(&ArgParser::argAADescription), "description");
+    this->ap.addBare("replace", b(&ArgParser::argAAReplace));
+
+    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_COPY_ATTACHMENT, b(&ArgParser::argEndCopyAttachments));
+    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argCApositional));
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("prefix",
+        p(&ArgParser::argCAprefix), "prefix");
+    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
+        p(&ArgParser::argCApassword), "password");
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPositional(char* arg)
+{
+    if (o.infilename == 0)
+    {
+        o.infilename = arg;
+    }
+    else if (o.outfilename == 0)
+    {
+        o.outfilename = arg;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage(std::string("unknown argument ") + arg);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argVersion()
+{
+    auto whoami = this->ap.getProgname();
+    std::cout
+        << whoami << " version " << QPDF::QPDFVersion() << std::endl
+        << "Run " << whoami << " --copyright to see copyright and license information."
+        << std::endl;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCopyright()
+{
+    // Make sure the output looks right on an 80-column display.
+    //               1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
+    //      12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+    std::cout
+        << this->ap.getProgname()
+        << " version " << QPDF::QPDFVersion() << std::endl
+        << std::endl
+        << "Copyright (c) 2005-2021 Jay Berkenbilt"
+        << std::endl
+        << "QPDF is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");"
+        << std::endl
+        << "you may not use this file except in compliance with the License."
+        << std::endl
+        << "You may obtain a copy of the License at"
+        << std::endl
+        << std::endl
+        << "  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
+        << std::endl
+        << std::endl
+        << "Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software"
+        << std::endl
+        << "distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,"
+        << std::endl
+        << "WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied."
+        << std::endl
+        << "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and"
+        << std::endl
+        << "limitations under the License."
+        << std::endl
+        << std::endl
+        << "Versions of qpdf prior to version 7 were released under the terms"
+        << std::endl
+        << "of version 2.0 of the Artistic License. At your option, you may"
+        << std::endl
+        << "continue to consider qpdf to be licensed under those terms. Please"
+        << std::endl
+        << "see the manual for additional information."
+        << std::endl;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argHelp()
+{
+    std::cout
+        // 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+        << "Usage: qpdf [options] {infile | --empty} [page_selection_options] outfile\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "An option summary appears below.  Please see the documentation for details.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "If @filename appears anywhere in the command-line, each line of filename\n"
+        << "will be interpreted as an argument. No interpolation is done. Line\n"
+        << "terminators are stripped, but leading and trailing whitespace is\n"
+        << "intentionally preserved. @- can be specified to read from standard input.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The output file can be - to indicate writing to standard output, or it can\n"
+        << "be --replace-input to cause qpdf to replace the input file with the output.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Note that when contradictory options are provided, whichever options are\n"
+        << "provided last take precedence.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Basic Options\n"
+        << "-------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--version               show version of qpdf\n"
+        << "--copyright             show qpdf's copyright and license information\n"
+        << "--help                  show command-line argument help\n"
+        << "--show-crypto           show supported crypto providers; default is first\n"
+        << "--completion-bash       output a bash complete command you can eval\n"
+        << "--completion-zsh        output a zsh complete command you can eval\n"
+        << "--password=password     specify a password for accessing encrypted files\n"
+        << "--password-file=file    get the password the first line \"file\"; use \"-\"\n"
+        << "                        to read the password from stdin (without prompt or\n"
+        << "                        disabling echo, so use with caution)\n"
+        << "--is-encrypted          silently exit 0 if the file is encrypted or 2\n"
+        << "                        if not; useful for shell scripts\n"
+        << "--requires-password     silently exit 0 if a password (other than as\n"
+        << "                        supplied) is required, 2 if the file is not\n"
+        << "                        encrypted, or 3 if the file is encrypted\n"
+        << "                        but requires no password or the supplied password\n"
+        << "                        is correct; useful for shell scripts\n"
+        << "--verbose               provide additional informational output\n"
+        << "--progress              give progress indicators while writing output\n"
+        << "--no-warn               suppress warnings\n"
+        << "--warning-exit-0        exit with code 0 instead of 3 if there are warnings\n"
+        << "--linearize             generated a linearized (web optimized) file\n"
+        << "--replace-input         use in place of specifying an output file; qpdf will\n"
+        << "                        replace the input file with the output\n"
+        << "--copy-encryption=file  copy encryption parameters from specified file\n"
+        << "--encryption-file-password=password\n"
+        << "                        password used to open the file from which encryption\n"
+        << "                        parameters are being copied\n"
+        << "--allow-weak-crypto     allow creation of files using weak cryptographic\n"
+        << "                        algorithms\n"
+        << "--encrypt options --    generate an encrypted file\n"
+        << "--decrypt               remove any encryption on the file\n"
+        << "--password-is-hex-key   treat primary password option as a hex-encoded key\n"
+        << "--suppress-password-recovery\n"
+        << "                        do not attempt recovering from password string\n"
+        << "                        encoding errors\n"
+        << "--password-mode=mode    control qpdf's encoding of passwords\n"
+        << "--pages options --      select specific pages from one or more files\n"
+        << "--collate=n             causes files specified in --pages to be collated\n"
+        << "                        in groups of n pages (default 1) rather than\n"
+        << "                        concatenated\n"
+        << "--flatten-rotation      move page rotation from /Rotate key to content\n"
+        << "--rotate=[+|-]angle[:page-range]\n"
+        << "                        rotate each specified page 0, 90, 180, or 270\n"
+        << "                        degrees; rotate all pages if no page range is given\n"
+        << "--split-pages=[n]       write each output page to a separate file\n"
+        << "--overlay options --    overlay pages from another file\n"
+        << "--underlay options --   underlay pages from another file\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Note that you can use the @filename or @- syntax for any argument at any\n"
+        << "point in the command. This provides a good way to specify a password without\n"
+        << "having to explicitly put it on the command line. @filename or @- must be a\n"
+        << "word by itself. Syntax such as --arg=@filename doesn't work.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "If none of --copy-encryption, --encrypt or --decrypt are given, qpdf will\n"
+        << "preserve any encryption data associated with a file.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Note that when copying encryption parameters from another file, all\n"
+        << "parameters will be copied, including both user and owner passwords, even\n"
+        << "if the user password is used to open the other file.  This works even if\n"
+        << "the owner password is not known.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --password-is-hex-key option overrides the normal computation of\n"
+        << "encryption keys. It only applies to the password used to open the main\n"
+        << "file. This option is not ordinarily useful but can be helpful for forensic\n"
+        << "or investigatory purposes. See manual for further discussion.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --rotate flag can be used to specify pages to rotate pages either\n"
+        << "0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. The page range is specified in the same\n"
+        << "format as with the --pages option, described below. Repeat the option\n"
+        << "to rotate multiple groups of pages. If the angle is preceded by + or -,\n"
+        << "it is added to or subtracted from the original rotation. Otherwise, the\n"
+        << "rotation angle is set explicitly to the given value. You almost always\n"
+        << "want to use + or - unless you are certain about the internals of the PDF\n"
+        << "you are working with.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "If --split-pages is specified, each page is written to a separate output\n"
+        << "file. File names are generated as follows:\n"
+        << "* If the string %d appears in the output file name, it is replaced with a\n"
+        << "  zero-padded page range starting from 1\n"
+        << "* Otherwise, if the output file name ends in .pdf (case insensitive), a\n"
+        << "  zero-padded page range, preceded by a dash, is inserted before the file\n"
+        << "  extension\n"
+        << "* Otherwise, the file name is appended with a zero-padded page range\n"
+        << "  preceded by a dash.\n"
+        << "Page ranges are single page numbers for single-page groups or first-last\n"
+        << "for multipage groups.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Encryption Options\n"
+        << "------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  --encrypt user-password owner-password key-length flags --\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Note that -- terminates parsing of encryption flags.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Either or both of the user password and the owner password may be\n"
+        << "empty strings.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "key-length may be 40, 128, or 256\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Additional flags are dependent upon key length.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  If 40:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "    --print=[yn]             allow printing\n"
+        << "    --modify=[yn]            allow document modification\n"
+        << "    --extract=[yn]           allow text/graphic extraction\n"
+        << "    --annotate=[yn]          allow comments and form fill-in and signing\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  If 128:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "    --accessibility=[yn]     allow accessibility to visually impaired\n"
+        << "    --extract=[yn]           allow other text/graphic extraction\n"
+        << "    --print=print-opt        control printing access\n"
+        << "    --assemble=[yn]          allow document assembly\n"
+        << "    --annotate=[yn]          allow commenting/filling form fields\n"
+        << "    --form=[yn]              allow filling form fields\n"
+        << "    --modify-other=[yn]      allow other modifications\n"
+        << "    --modify=modify-opt      control modify access (old way)\n"
+        << "    --cleartext-metadata     prevents encryption of metadata\n"
+        << "    --use-aes=[yn]           indicates whether to use AES encryption\n"
+        << "    --force-V4               forces use of V=4 encryption handler\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  If 256, options are the same as 128 with these exceptions:\n"
+        << "    --force-V4               this option is not available with 256-bit keys\n"
+        << "    --use-aes                this option is always on with 256-bit keys\n"
+        << "    --force-R5               forces use of deprecated R=5 encryption\n"
+        << "    --allow-insecure         allow the owner password to be empty when the\n"
+        << "                             user password is not empty\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "    print-opt may be:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "      full                  allow full printing\n"
+        << "      low                   allow only low-resolution printing\n"
+        << "      none                  disallow printing\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "    modify-opt may be:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "      all                   allow full document modification\n"
+        << "      annotate              allow comment authoring and form operations\n"
+        << "      form                  allow form field fill-in and signing\n"
+        << "      assembly              allow document assembly only\n"
+        << "      none                  allow no modifications\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The default for each permission option is to be fully permissive. Please\n"
+        << "refer to the manual for more details on the modify options.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Specifying cleartext-metadata forces the PDF version to at least 1.5.\n"
+        << "Specifying use of AES forces the PDF version to at least 1.6.  These\n"
+        << "options are both off by default.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --force-V4 flag forces the V=4 encryption handler introduced in PDF 1.5\n"
+        << "to be used even if not otherwise needed.  This option is primarily useful\n"
+        << "for testing qpdf and has no other practical use.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "A warning will be issued if you attempt to encrypt a file with a format that\n"
+        << "uses a weak cryptographic algorithm such as RC4. To suppress the warning,\n"
+        << "specify the option --allow-weak-crypto. This option is outside of encryption\n"
+        << "options (e.g. --allow-week-crypto --encrypt u o 128 --)\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Password Modes\n"
+        << "--------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --password-mode controls how qpdf interprets passwords supplied\n"
+        << "on the command-line. qpdf's default behavior is correct in almost all\n"
+        << "cases, but you can fine-tune with this option.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  bytes: use the password literally as supplied\n"
+        << "  hex-bytes: interpret the password as a hex-encoded byte string\n"
+        << "  unicode: interpret the password as a UTF-8 encoded string\n"
+        << "  auto: attempt to infer the encoding and adjust as needed\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "This is a complex topic. See the manual for a complete discussion.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Page Selection Options\n"
+        << "----------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These options allow pages to be selected from one or more PDF files.\n"
+        << "Whatever file is given as the primary input file is used as the\n"
+        << "starting point, but its pages are replaced with pages as specified.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--keep-files-open=[yn]\n"
+        << "--keep-files-open-threshold=count\n"
+        << "--pages file [ --password=password ] [ page-range ] ... --\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "For each file that pages should be taken from, specify the file, a\n"
+        << "password needed to open the file (if any), and a page range.  The\n"
+        << "password needs to be given only once per file.  If any of the input\n"
+        << "files are the same as the primary input file or the file used to copy\n"
+        << "encryption parameters (if specified), you do not need to repeat the\n"
+        << "password here.  The same file can be repeated multiple times.  The\n"
+        << "filename \".\" may be used to refer to the current input file.  All\n"
+        << "non-page data (info, outlines, page numbers, etc. are taken from the\n"
+        << "primary input file.  To discard this, use --empty as the primary\n"
+        << "input.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "By default, when more than 200 distinct files are specified, qpdf will\n"
+        << "close each file when not being referenced. With 200 files or fewer, all\n"
+        << "files will be kept open at the same time. This behavior can be overridden\n"
+        << "by specifying --keep-files-open=[yn]. Closing and opening files can have\n"
+        << "very high overhead on certain file systems, especially networked file\n"
+        << "systems. The threshold of 200 can be modified with\n"
+        << "--keep-files-open-threshold\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The page range is a set of numbers separated by commas, ranges of\n"
+        << "numbers separated dashes, or combinations of those.  The character\n"
+        << "\"z\" represents the last page.  A number preceded by an \"r\" indicates\n"
+        << "to count from the end, so \"r3-r1\" would be the last three pages of the\n"
+        << "document.  Pages can appear in any order.  Ranges can appear with a\n"
+        << "high number followed by a low number, which causes the pages to appear in\n"
+        << "reverse.  Numbers may be repeated.  A page range may be appended with :odd\n"
+        << "to indicate odd pages in the selected range or :even to indicate even\n"
+        << "pages.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "If the page range is omitted, the range of 1-z is assumed.  qpdf decides\n"
+        << "that the page range is omitted if the range argument is either -- or a\n"
+        << "valid file name and not a valid range.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The usual behavior of --pages is to add all pages from the first file,\n"
+        << "then all pages from the second file, and so on. If the --collate option\n"
+        << "is specified, then pages are collated instead. In other words, qpdf takes\n"
+        << "the first page from the first file, the first page from the second file,\n"
+        << "and so on until it runs out of files; then it takes the second page from\n"
+        << "each file, etc. When a file runs out of pages, it is skipped until all\n"
+        << "specified pages are taken from all files.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "See the manual for examples and a discussion of additional subtleties.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Overlay and Underlay Options\n"
+        << "----------------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These options allow pages from another file to be overlaid or underlaid\n"
+        << "on the primary output. Overlaid pages are drawn on top of the destination\n"
+        << "page and may obscure the page. Underlaid pages are drawn below the\n"
+        << "destination page.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "{--overlay | --underlay } file\n"
+        "      [ --password=password ]\n"
+        "      [ --to=page-range ]\n"
+        "      [ --from=[page-range] ]\n"
+        "      [ --repeat=page-range ]\n"
+        "      --\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "For overlay and underlay, a file and optional password are specified, along\n"
+        << "with a series of optional page ranges. The default behavior is that each\n"
+        << "page of the overlay or underlay file is imposed on the corresponding page\n"
+        << "of the primary output until it runs out of pages, and any extra pages are\n"
+        << "ignored. The page range options all take page ranges in the same form as\n"
+        << "the --pages option. They have the following meanings:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  --to:     the pages in the primary output to which overlay/underlay is\n"
+        << "            applied\n"
+        << "  --from:   the pages from the overlay/underlay file that are used\n"
+        << "  --repeat: pages from the overlay/underlay that are repeated after\n"
+        << "            any \"from\" pages have been exhausted\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Embedded Files/Attachments Options\n"
+        << "----------------------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These options can be used to work with embedded files, also known as\n"
+        << "attachments.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--list-attachments        show key and stream number for embedded files;\n"
+        << "                          combine with --verbose for more detailed information\n"
+        << "--show-attachment=key     write the contents of the specified attachment to\n"
+        << "                          standard output as binary data\n"
+        << "--add-attachment file options --\n"
+        << "                          add or replace an attachment\n"
+        << "--remove-attachment=key   remove the specified attachment; repeatable\n"
+        << "--copy-attachments-from file options --\n"
+        << "                          copy attachments from another file\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The \"key\" option is the unique name under which the attachment is registered\n"
+        << "within the PDF file. You can get this using the --list-attachments option. This\n"
+        << "is usually the same as the filename, but it doesn't have to be.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Options for adding attachments:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  file                    path to the file to attach\n"
+        << "  --key=key               the name of this in the embedded files table;\n"
+        << "                          defaults to the last path element of file\n"
+        << "  --filename=name         the file name of the attachment; this is what is\n"
+        << "                          usually displayed to the user; defaults to the\n"
+        << "                          last path element of file\n"
+        << "  --creationdate=date     creation date in PDF format; defaults to the\n"
+        << "                          current time\n"
+        << "  --moddate=date          modification date in PDF format; defaults to the\n"
+        << "                          current time\n"
+        << "  --mimetype=type/subtype   mime type of attachment (e.g. application/pdf)\n"
+        << "  --description=\"text\"    attachment description\n"
+        << "  --replace               replace any existing attachment with the same key\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Options for copying attachments:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  file                    file whose attachments should be copied\n"
+        << "  --password=password     password to open the other file, if needed\n"
+        << "  --prefix=prefix         a prefix to insert in front of each key;\n"
+        << "                          required if needed to ensure each attachment\n"
+        << "                          has a unique key\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Date format: D:yyyymmddhhmmss<z> where <z> is either Z for UTC or a timezone\n"
+        << "offset in the form -hh'mm' or +hh'mm'.\n"
+        << "Examples: D:20210207161528-05'00', D:20210207211528Z\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Advanced Parsing Options\n"
+        << "------------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These options control aspects of how qpdf reads PDF files. Mostly these are\n"
+        << "of use to people who are working with damaged files. There is little reason\n"
+        << "to use these options unless you are trying to solve specific problems.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--suppress-recovery       prevents qpdf from attempting to recover damaged files\n"
+        << "--ignore-xref-streams     tells qpdf to ignore any cross-reference streams\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Advanced Transformation Options\n"
+        << "-------------------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These transformation options control fine points of how qpdf creates\n"
+        << "the output file.  Mostly these are of use only to people who are very\n"
+        << "familiar with the PDF file format or who are PDF developers.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--stream-data=option      controls transformation of stream data (below)\n"
+        << "--compress-streams=[yn]   controls whether to compress streams on output\n"
+        << "--decode-level=option     controls how to filter streams from the input\n"
+        << "--recompress-flate        recompress streams already compressed with Flate\n"
+        << "--compression-level=n     set zlib compression level; most effective with\n"
+        << "                          --recompress-flate --object-streams=generate\n"
+        << "--normalize-content=[yn]  enables or disables normalization of content streams\n"
+        << "--object-streams=mode     controls handing of object streams\n"
+        << "--preserve-unreferenced   preserve unreferenced objects\n"
+        << "--remove-unreferenced-resources={auto,yes,no}\n"
+        << "                          whether to remove unreferenced page resources\n"
+        << "--preserve-unreferenced-resources\n"
+        << "                          synonym for --remove-unreferenced-resources=no\n"
+        << "--newline-before-endstream  always put a newline before endstream\n"
+        << "--coalesce-contents       force all pages' content to be a single stream\n"
+        << "--flatten-annotations=option\n"
+        << "                          incorporate rendering of annotations into page\n"
+        << "                          contents including those for interactive form\n"
+        << "                          fields; may also want --generate-appearances\n"
+        << "--generate-appearances    generate appearance streams for form fields\n"
+        << "--optimize-images         compress images with DCT (JPEG) when advantageous\n"
+        << "--oi-min-width=w          do not optimize images whose width is below w;\n"
+        << "                          default is 128. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
+        << "--oi-min-height=h         do not optimize images whose height is below h\n"
+        << "                          default is 128. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
+        << "--oi-min-area=a           do not optimize images whose pixel count is below a\n"
+        << "                          default is 16,384. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
+        << "--externalize-inline-images  convert inline images to regular images; by\n"
+        << "                          default, images of at least 1,024 bytes are\n"
+        << "                          externalized\n"
+        << "--ii-min-bytes=bytes      specify minimum size of inline images to be\n"
+        << "                          converted to regular images\n"
+        << "--keep-inline-images      exclude inline images from image optimization\n"
+        << "--remove-page-labels      remove any page labels present in the output file\n"
+        << "--qdf                     turns on \"QDF mode\" (below)\n"
+        << "--linearize-pass1=file    write intermediate pass of linearized file\n"
+        << "                          for debugging\n"
+        << "--min-version=version     sets the minimum PDF version of the output file\n"
+        << "--force-version=version   forces this to be the PDF version of the output file\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Options for --flatten-annotations are all, print, or screen. If the option\n"
+        << "is print, only annotations marked as print are included. If the option is\n"
+        << "screen, options marked as \"no view\" are excluded. Otherwise, annotations\n"
+        << "are flattened regardless of the presence of print or NoView flags. It is\n"
+        << "common for PDF files to have a flag set that appearance streams need to be\n"
+        << "regenerated. This happens when someone changes a form value with software\n"
+        << "that does not know how to render the new value. qpdf will not flatten form\n"
+        << "fields in files like this. If you get this warning, you have two choices:\n"
+        << "either use qpdf's --generate-appearances flag to tell qpdf to go ahead and\n"
+        << "regenerate appearances, or use some other tool to generate the appearances.\n"
+        << "qpdf does a pretty good job with most forms when only ASCII and \"Windows\n"
+        << "ANSI\" characters are used in form field values, but if your form fields\n"
+        << "contain other characters, rich text, or are other than left justified, you\n"
+        << "will get better results first saving with other software.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Version numbers may be expressed as major.minor.extension-level, so 1.7.3\n"
+        << "means PDF version 1.7 at extension level 3.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Values for stream data options:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  compress              recompress stream data when possible (default)\n"
+        << "  preserve              leave all stream data as is\n"
+        << "  uncompress            uncompress stream data when possible\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Values for object stream mode:\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "  preserve                  preserve original object streams (default)\n"
+        << "  disable                   don't write any object streams\n"
+        << "  generate                  use object streams wherever possible\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "When --compress-streams=n is specified, this overrides the default behavior\n"
+        << "of qpdf, which is to attempt compress uncompressed streams. Setting\n"
+        << "stream data mode to uncompress or preserve has the same effect.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --decode-level parameter may be set to one of the following values:\n"
+        << "  none              do not decode streams\n"
+        << "  generalized       decode streams compressed with generalized filters\n"
+        << "                    including LZW, Flate, and the ASCII encoding filters.\n"
+        << "  specialized       additionally decode streams with non-lossy specialized\n"
+        << "                    filters including RunLength\n"
+        << "  all               additionally decode streams with lossy filters\n"
+        << "                    including DCT (JPEG)\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "In qdf mode, by default, content normalization is turned on, and the\n"
+        << "stream data mode is set to uncompress. QDF mode does not support\n"
+        << "linearized files. The --linearize flag disables qdf mode.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Setting the minimum PDF version of the output file may raise the version\n"
+        << "but will never lower it.  Forcing the PDF version of the output file may\n"
+        << "set the PDF version to a lower value than actually allowed by the file's\n"
+        << "contents.  You should only do this if you have no other possible way to\n"
+        << "open the file or if you know that the file definitely doesn't include\n"
+        << "features not supported later versions.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Testing, Inspection, and Debugging Options\n"
+        << "------------------------------------------\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "These options can be useful for digging into PDF files or for use in\n"
+        << "automated test suites for software that uses the qpdf library.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "--deterministic-id        generate deterministic /ID\n"
+        << "--static-id               generate static /ID: FOR TESTING ONLY!\n"
+        << "--static-aes-iv           use a static initialization vector for AES-CBC\n"
+        << "                          This is option is not secure!  FOR TESTING ONLY!\n"
+        << "--no-original-object-ids  suppress original object ID comments in qdf mode\n"
+        << "--show-encryption         quickly show encryption parameters\n"
+        << "--show-encryption-key     when showing encryption, reveal the actual key\n"
+        << "--check-linearization     check file integrity and linearization status\n"
+        << "--show-linearization      check and show all linearization data\n"
+        << "--show-xref               show the contents of the cross-reference table\n"
+        << "--show-object=trailer|obj[,gen]\n"
+        << "                          show the contents of the given object\n"
+        << "  --raw-stream-data       show raw stream data instead of object contents\n"
+        << "  --filtered-stream-data  show filtered stream data instead of object contents\n"
+        << "--show-npages             print the number of pages in the file\n"
+        << "--show-pages              shows the object/generation number for each page\n"
+        << "  --with-images           also shows the object IDs for images on each page\n"
+        << "--check                   check file structure + encryption, linearization\n"
+        << "--json                    generate a json representation of the file\n"
+        << "--json-help               describe the format of the json representation\n"
+        << "--json-key=key            repeatable; prune json structure to include only\n"
+        << "                          specified keys. If absent, all keys are shown\n"
+        << "--json-object=trailer|[obj,gen]\n"
+        << "                          repeatable; include only specified objects in the\n"
+        << "                          \"objects\" section of the json. If absent, all\n"
+        << "                          objects are shown\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The json representation generated by qpdf is designed to facilitate\n"
+        << "processing of qpdf from other programming languages that have a hard\n"
+        << "time calling C++ APIs. Run qpdf --json-help for details on the format.\n"
+        << "The manual has more in-depth information about the json representation\n"
+        << "and certain compatibility guarantees that qpdf provides.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "The --raw-stream-data and --filtered-stream-data options are ignored\n"
+        << "unless --show-object is given.  Either of these options will cause the\n"
+        << "stream data to be written to standard output.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "If --filtered-stream-data is given and --normalize-content=y is also\n"
+        << "given, qpdf will attempt to normalize the stream data as if it is a\n"
+        << "page content stream.  This attempt will be made even if it is not a\n"
+        << "page content stream, in which case it will produce unusable results.\n"
+        << "\n"
+        << "Ordinarily, qpdf exits with a status of 0 on success or a status of 2\n"
+        << "if any errors occurred.  If there were warnings but not errors, qpdf\n"
+        << "exits with a status of 3. If warnings would have been issued but --no-warn\n"
+        << "was given, an exit status of 3 is still used. If you want qpdf to exit\n"
+        << "with status 0 when there are warnings, use the --warning-exit-0 flag.\n"
+        << "When --no-warn and --warning-exit-0 are used together, the effect is for\n"
+        << "qpdf to completely ignore warnings.  qpdf does not use exit status 1,\n"
+        << "since that is used by the shell if it can't execute qpdf.\n";
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argJsonHelp()
+{
+    // Make sure the output looks right on an 80-column display.
+    //               1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
+    //      12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+    std::cout
+        << "The json block below contains the same structure with the same keys as the"
+        << std::endl
+        << "json generated by qpdf. In the block below, the values are descriptions of"
+        << std::endl
+        << "the meanings of those entries. The specific contract guaranteed by qpdf in"
+        << std::endl
+        << "its json representation is explained in more detail in the manual. You can"
+        << std::endl
+        << "specify a subset of top-level keys when you invoke qpdf, but the \"version\""
+        << std::endl
+        << "and \"parameters\" keys will always be present. Note that the \"encrypt\""
+        << std::endl
+        << "key's values will be populated for non-encrypted files. Some values will"
+        << std::endl
+        << "be null, and others will have values that apply to unencrypted files."
+        << std::endl
+        << QPDFJob::json_schema().unparse()
+        << std::endl;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowCrypto()
+{
+    auto crypto = QPDFCryptoProvider::getRegisteredImpls();
+    std::string default_crypto = QPDFCryptoProvider::getDefaultProvider();
+    std::cout << default_crypto << std::endl;
+    for (auto const& iter: crypto)
+    {
+        if (iter != default_crypto)
+        {
+            std::cout << iter << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPassword(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.password = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPasswordFile(char* parameter)
+{
+    std::list<std::string> lines;
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "-") == 0)
+    {
+        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf password stdin");
+        lines = QUtil::read_lines_from_file(std::cin);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf password file");
+        lines = QUtil::read_lines_from_file(parameter);
+    }
+    if (lines.size() >= 1)
+    {
+        // Make sure the memory for this stays in scope.
+        o.password_alloc = std::shared_ptr<char>(
+            QUtil::copy_string(lines.front().c_str()),
+            std::default_delete<char[]>());
+        o.password = o.password_alloc.get();
+
+        if (lines.size() > 1)
+        {
+            std::cerr << this->ap.getProgname()
+                      << ": WARNING: all but the first line of"
+                      << " the password file are ignored" << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEmpty()
+{
+    o.infilename = "";
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argLinearize()
+{
+    o.linearize = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEncrypt()
+{
+    this->accumulated_args.clear();
+    if (this->ap.isCompleting() && this->ap.argsLeft() == 0)
+    {
+        this->ap.insertCompletion("user-password");
+    }
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEncryptPositional(char* arg)
+{
+    this->accumulated_args.push_back(arg);
+    size_t n_args = this->accumulated_args.size();
+    if (n_args < 3)
+    {
+        if (this->ap.isCompleting() && (this->ap.argsLeft() == 0))
+        {
+            if (n_args == 1)
+            {
+                this->ap.insertCompletion("owner-password");
+            }
+            else if (n_args == 2)
+            {
+                this->ap.insertCompletion("40");
+                this->ap.insertCompletion("128");
+                this->ap.insertCompletion("256");
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    o.user_password = this->accumulated_args.at(0);
+    o.owner_password = this->accumulated_args.at(1);
+    std::string len_str = this->accumulated_args.at(2);
+    if (len_str == "40")
+    {
+        o.keylen = 40;
+        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_40);
+    }
+    else if (len_str == "128")
+    {
+        o.keylen = 128;
+        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128);
+    }
+    else if (len_str == "256")
+    {
+        o.keylen = 256;
+        o.use_aes = true;
+        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage("encryption key length must be 40, 128, or 256");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argDecrypt()
+{
+    o.decrypt = true;
+    o.encrypt = false;
+    o.copy_encryption = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPasswordIsHexKey()
+{
+    o.password_is_hex_key = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argSuppressPasswordRecovery()
+{
+    o.suppress_password_recovery = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPasswordMode(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "bytes") == 0)
+    {
+        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_bytes;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "hex-bytes") == 0)
+    {
+        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_hex_bytes;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "unicode") == 0)
+    {
+        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_unicode;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "auto") == 0)
+    {
+        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_auto;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage("invalid password-mode option");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAllowInsecure()
+{
+    o.allow_insecure = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAllowWeakCrypto()
+{
+    o.allow_weak_crypto = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCopyEncryption(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.encryption_file = parameter;
+    o.copy_encryption = true;
+    o.encrypt = false;
+    o.decrypt = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEncryptionFilePassword(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.encryption_file_password = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCollate(char* parameter)
+{
+    auto n = ((parameter == 0) ? 1 :
+              QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter));
+    o.collate = QIntC::to_size(n);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPages()
+{
+    if (! o.page_specs.empty())
+    {
+        usage("the --pages may only be specified one time");
+    }
+    this->accumulated_args.clear();
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_PAGES);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPagesPassword(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (this->pages_password != nullptr)
+    {
+        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf duplicated pages password");
+        usage("--password already specified for this file");
+    }
+    if (this->accumulated_args.size() != 1)
+    {
+        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf misplaced pages password");
+        usage("in --pages, --password must immediately follow a file name");
+    }
+    this->pages_password = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPagesPositional(char* arg)
+{
+    if (arg == nullptr)
+    {
+        if (this->accumulated_args.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        this->accumulated_args.push_back(arg);
+    }
+
+    char const* file = this->accumulated_args.at(0);
+    char const* range = nullptr;
+
+    size_t n_args = this->accumulated_args.size();
+    if (n_args >= 2)
+    {
+        range = this->accumulated_args.at(1);
+    }
+
+    // See if the user omitted the range entirely, in which case we
+    // assume "1-z".
+    char* next_file = nullptr;
+    if (range == nullptr)
+    {
+        if (arg == nullptr)
+        {
+            // The filename or password was the last argument
+            QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted at end",
+                    this->pages_password == nullptr ? 0 : 1);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // We need to accumulate some more arguments
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            parseNumrange(range, 0, true);
+        }
+        catch (std::runtime_error& e1)
+        {
+            // The range is invalid.  Let's see if it's a file.
+            if (strcmp(range, ".") == 0)
+            {
+                // "." means the input file.
+                QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted with .");
+            }
+            else if (QUtil::file_can_be_opened(range))
+            {
+                QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted in middle");
+                // Yup, it's a file.
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Give the range error
+                usage(e1.what());
+            }
+            next_file = const_cast<char*>(range);
+            range = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    if (range == nullptr)
+    {
+        range = "1-z";
+    }
+    o.page_specs.push_back(QPDFJob::PageSpec(file, this->pages_password, range));
+    this->accumulated_args.clear();
+    this->pages_password = nullptr;
+    if (next_file != nullptr)
+    {
+        this->accumulated_args.push_back(next_file);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEndPages()
+{
+    argPagesPositional(nullptr);
+    if (o.page_specs.empty())
+    {
+        usage("--pages: no page specifications given");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUnderlay()
+{
+    parseUnderOverlayOptions(&o.underlay);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argOverlay()
+{
+    parseUnderOverlayOptions(&o.overlay);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRotate(char* parameter)
+{
+    parseRotationParameter(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argFlattenRotation()
+{
+    o.flatten_rotation = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argListAttachments()
+{
+    o.list_attachments = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowAttachment(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachment_to_show = parameter;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRemoveAttachment(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_remove.push_back(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAddAttachment()
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.push_back(QPDFJob::AddAttachment());
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ATTACHMENT);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCopyAttachments()
+{
+    o.attachments_to_copy.push_back(QPDFJob::CopyAttachmentFrom());
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_COPY_ATTACHMENT);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argStreamData(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.stream_data_set = true;
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "compress") == 0)
+    {
+        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_compress;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "preserve") == 0)
+    {
+        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_preserve;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "uncompress") == 0)
+    {
+        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_uncompress;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If this happens, it means streamDataChoices in
+        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
+        usage("invalid stream-data option");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCompressStreams(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.compress_streams_set = true;
+    o.compress_streams = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRecompressFlate()
+{
+    o.recompress_flate_set = true;
+    o.recompress_flate = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCompressionLevel(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.compression_level = QUtil::string_to_int(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argDecodeLevel(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.decode_level_set = true;
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
+    {
+        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_none;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "generalized") == 0)
+    {
+        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_generalized;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "specialized") == 0)
+    {
+        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_specialized;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "all") == 0)
+    {
+        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_all;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If this happens, it means decodeLevelChoices in
+        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
+        usage("invalid option");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argNormalizeContent(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.normalize_set = true;
+    o.normalize = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argSuppressRecovery()
+{
+    o.suppress_recovery = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argObjectStreams(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.object_stream_set = true;
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "disable") == 0)
+    {
+        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_disable;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "preserve") == 0)
+    {
+        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_preserve;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "generate") == 0)
+    {
+        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_generate;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If this happens, it means objectStreamsChoices in
+        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
+        usage("invalid object stream mode");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argIgnoreXrefStreams()
+{
+    o.ignore_xref_streams = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argQdf()
+{
+    o.qdf_mode = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferenced()
+{
+    o.preserve_unreferenced_objects = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferencedResources()
+{
+    o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_no;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRemoveUnreferencedResources(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "auto") == 0)
+    {
+        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_auto;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "yes") == 0)
+    {
+        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_yes;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "no") == 0)
+    {
+        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_no;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If this happens, it means remove_unref_choices in
+        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
+        usage("invalid value for --remove-unreferenced-page-resources");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpen(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.keep_files_open_set = true;
+    o.keep_files_open = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpenThreshold(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.keep_files_open_threshold = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argNewlineBeforeEndstream()
+{
+    o.newline_before_endstream = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argLinearizePass1(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.linearize_pass1 = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCoalesceContents()
+{
+    o.coalesce_contents = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argFlattenAnnotations(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.flatten_annotations = true;
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "screen") == 0)
+    {
+        o.flatten_annotations_forbidden |= an_no_view;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "print") == 0)
+    {
+        o.flatten_annotations_required |= an_print;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argGenerateAppearances()
+{
+    o.generate_appearances = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argMinVersion(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.min_version = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argForceVersion(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.force_version = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argSplitPages(char* parameter)
+{
+    int n = ((parameter == 0) ? 1 :
+             QUtil::string_to_int(parameter));
+    o.split_pages = n;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argVerbose()
+{
+    o.verbose = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argProgress()
+{
+    o.progress = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argNoWarn()
+{
+    o.suppress_warnings = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argWarningExitZero()
+{
+    o.warnings_exit_zero = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argDeterministicId()
+{
+    o.deterministic_id = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argStaticId()
+{
+    o.static_id = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argStaticAesIv()
+{
+    o.static_aes_iv = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argNoOriginalObjectIds()
+{
+    o.suppress_original_object_id = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowEncryption()
+{
+    o.show_encryption = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowEncryptionKey()
+{
+    o.show_encryption_key = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCheckLinearization()
+{
+    o.check_linearization = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowLinearization()
+{
+    o.show_linearization = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowXref()
+{
+    o.show_xref = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowObject(char* parameter)
+{
+    QPDFJob::parse_object_id(parameter, o.show_trailer, o.show_obj, o.show_gen);
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRawStreamData()
+{
+    o.show_raw_stream_data = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argFilteredStreamData()
+{
+    o.show_filtered_stream_data = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowNpages()
+{
+    o.show_npages = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argShowPages()
+{
+    o.show_pages = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argWithImages()
+{
+    o.show_page_images = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argJson()
+{
+    o.json = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argJsonKey(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.json_keys.insert(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argJsonObject(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.json_objects.insert(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCheck()
+{
+    o.check = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argOptimizeImages()
+{
+    o.optimize_images = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argExternalizeInlineImages()
+{
+    o.externalize_inline_images = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argKeepInlineImages()
+{
+    o.keep_inline_images = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRemovePageLabels()
+{
+    o.remove_page_labels = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argOiMinWidth(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.oi_min_width = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argOiMinHeight(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.oi_min_height = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argOiMinArea(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.oi_min_area = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argIiMinBytes(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.ii_min_bytes = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg40Print(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r2_print = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg40Modify(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r2_modify = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg40Extract(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r2_extract = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg40Annotate(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r2_annotate = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Accessibility(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_accessibility = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Extract(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_extract = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Print(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "full") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_full;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "low") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_low;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_none;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage("invalid print option");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Modify(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strcmp(parameter, "all") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_assemble = true;
+        o.r3_annotate_and_form = true;
+        o.r3_form_filling = true;
+        o.r3_modify_other = true;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "annotate") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_assemble = true;
+        o.r3_annotate_and_form = true;
+        o.r3_form_filling = true;
+        o.r3_modify_other = false;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "form") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_assemble = true;
+        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
+        o.r3_form_filling = true;
+        o.r3_modify_other = false;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "assembly") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_assemble = true;
+        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
+        o.r3_form_filling = false;
+        o.r3_modify_other = false;
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
+    {
+        o.r3_assemble = false;
+        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
+        o.r3_form_filling = false;
+        o.r3_modify_other = false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage("invalid modify option");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128ClearTextMetadata()
+{
+    o.cleartext_metadata = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Assemble(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_assemble = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Annotate(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_annotate_and_form = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128Form(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_form_filling = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128ModOther(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.r3_modify_other = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128UseAes(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.use_aes = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg128ForceV4()
+{
+    o.force_V4 = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::arg256ForceR5()
+{
+    o.force_R5 = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEndEncrypt()
+{
+    o.encrypt = true;
+    o.decrypt = false;
+    o.copy_encryption = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUOpositional(char* arg)
+{
+    if (o.under_overlay->filename)
+    {
+        usage(o.under_overlay->which + " file already specified");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        o.under_overlay->filename = arg;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUOto(char* parameter)
+{
+    parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
+    o.under_overlay->to_nr = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUOfrom(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strlen(parameter))
+    {
+        parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
+    }
+    o.under_overlay->from_nr = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUOrepeat(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strlen(parameter))
+    {
+        parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
+    }
+    o.under_overlay->repeat_nr = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argUOpassword(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.under_overlay->password = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEndUnderOverlay()
+{
+    if (0 == o.under_overlay->filename)
+    {
+        usage(o.under_overlay->which + " file not specified");
+    }
+    o.under_overlay = 0;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argReplaceInput()
+{
+    o.replace_input = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argIsEncrypted()
+{
+    o.check_is_encrypted = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argRequiresPassword()
+{
+    o.check_requires_password = true;
+    o.require_outfile = false;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAApositional(char* arg)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().path = arg;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAAKey(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().key = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAAFilename(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().filename = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAACreationDate(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (! QUtil::pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(parameter))
+    {
+        usage(std::string(parameter) + " is not a valid PDF timestamp");
+    }
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().creationdate = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAAModDate(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (! QUtil::pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(parameter))
+    {
+        usage(std::string(parameter) + " is not a valid PDF timestamp");
+    }
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().moddate = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAAMimeType(char* parameter)
+{
+    if (strchr(parameter, '/') == nullptr)
+    {
+        usage("mime type should be specified as type/subtype");
+    }
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().mimetype = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAADescription(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().description = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argAAReplace()
+{
+    o.attachments_to_add.back().replace = true;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEndAddAttachment()
+{
+    static std::string now = QUtil::qpdf_time_to_pdf_time(
+        QUtil::get_current_qpdf_time());
+    auto& cur = o.attachments_to_add.back();
+    if (cur.path.empty())
+    {
+        usage("add attachment: no path specified");
+    }
+    std::string last_element = QUtil::path_basename(cur.path);
+    if (last_element.empty())
+    {
+        usage("path for --add-attachment may not be empty");
+    }
+    if (cur.filename.empty())
+    {
+        cur.filename = last_element;
+    }
+    if (cur.key.empty())
+    {
+        cur.key = last_element;
+    }
+    if (cur.creationdate.empty())
+    {
+        cur.creationdate = now;
+    }
+    if (cur.moddate.empty())
+    {
+        cur.moddate = now;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCApositional(char* arg)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_copy.back().path = arg;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCAprefix(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_copy.back().prefix = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argCApassword(char* parameter)
+{
+    o.attachments_to_copy.back().password = parameter;
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::argEndCopyAttachments()
+{
+    if (o.attachments_to_copy.back().path.empty())
+    {
+        usage("copy attachments: no path specified");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::usage(std::string const& message)
+{
+    if (this->ap.isCompleting())
+    {
+        // This will cause bash to fall back to regular file completion.
+        exit(0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw QPDFArgParser::Usage(message);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<int>
+ArgParser::parseNumrange(char const* range, int max, bool throw_error)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        return QUtil::parse_numrange(range, max);
+    }
+    catch (std::runtime_error& e)
+    {
+        if (throw_error)
+        {
+            throw(e);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            usage(e.what());
+        }
+    }
+    return std::vector<int>();
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::parseUnderOverlayOptions(QPDFJob::UnderOverlay* uo)
+{
+    o.under_overlay = uo;
+    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_UNDER_OVERLAY);
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::parseRotationParameter(std::string const& parameter)
+{
+    std::string angle_str;
+    std::string range;
+    size_t colon = parameter.find(':');
+    int relative = 0;
+    if (colon != std::string::npos)
+    {
+        if (colon > 0)
+        {
+            angle_str = parameter.substr(0, colon);
+        }
+        if (colon + 1 < parameter.length())
+        {
+            range = parameter.substr(colon + 1);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        angle_str = parameter;
+    }
+    if (angle_str.length() > 0)
+    {
+        char first = angle_str.at(0);
+        if ((first == '+') || (first == '-'))
+        {
+            relative = ((first == '+') ? 1 : -1);
+            angle_str = angle_str.substr(1);
+        }
+        else if (! QUtil::is_digit(angle_str.at(0)))
+        {
+            angle_str = "";
+        }
+    }
+    if (range.empty())
+    {
+        range = "1-z";
+    }
+    bool range_valid = false;
+    try
+    {
+        parseNumrange(range.c_str(), 0, true);
+        range_valid = true;
+    }
+    catch (std::runtime_error const&)
+    {
+        // ignore
+    }
+    if (range_valid &&
+        ((angle_str == "0") ||(angle_str == "90") ||
+         (angle_str == "180") || (angle_str == "270")))
+    {
+        int angle = QUtil::string_to_int(angle_str.c_str());
+        if (relative == -1)
+        {
+            angle = -angle;
+        }
+        o.rotations[range] = QPDFJob::RotationSpec(angle, (relative != 0));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        usage("invalid parameter to rotate: " + parameter);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::parseOptions()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        this->ap.parseArgs();
+    }
+    catch (QPDFArgParser::Usage& e)
+    {
+        usage(e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ArgParser::doFinalChecks()
+{
+    if (o.replace_input)
+    {
+        if (o.outfilename)
+        {
+            usage("--replace-input may not be used when"
+                  " an output file is specified");
+        }
+        else if (o.split_pages)
+        {
+            usage("--split-pages may not be used with --replace-input");
+        }
+    }
+    if (o.infilename == 0)
+    {
+        usage("an input file name is required");
+    }
+    else if (o.require_outfile && (o.outfilename == 0) && (! o.replace_input))
+    {
+        usage("an output file name is required; use - for standard output");
+    }
+    else if ((! o.require_outfile) &&
+             ((o.outfilename != 0) || o.replace_input))
+    {
+        usage("no output file may be given for this option");
+    }
+    if (o.optimize_images && (! o.keep_inline_images))
+    {
+        // QXXXQ this is not a check and doesn't belong here
+        o.externalize_inline_images = true;
+    }
+    if (o.check_requires_password && o.check_is_encrypted)
+    {
+        usage("--requires-password and --is-encrypted may not be given"
+              " together");
+    }
+
+    if (o.encrypt && (! o.allow_insecure) &&
+        (o.owner_password.empty() &&
+         (! o.user_password.empty()) &&
+         (o.keylen == 256)))
+    {
+        // Note that empty owner passwords for R < 5 are copied from
+        // the user password, so this lack of security is not an issue
+        // for those files. Also we are consider only the ability to
+        // open the file without a password to be insecure. We are not
+        // concerned about whether the viewer enforces security
+        // settings when the user and owner password match.
+        usage("A PDF with a non-empty user password and an empty owner"
+              " password encrypted with a 256-bit key is insecure as it"
+              " can be opened without a password. If you really want to"
+              " do this, you must also give the --allow-insecure option"
+              " before the -- that follows --encrypt.");
+    }
+
+    if (o.require_outfile && o.outfilename &&
+        (strcmp(o.outfilename, "-") == 0))
+    {
+        if (o.split_pages)
+        {
+            usage("--split-pages may not be used when"
+                  " writing to standard output");
+        }
+        if (o.verbose)     // QXXXQ
+        {
+            usage("--verbose may not be used when"
+                  " writing to standard output");
+        }
+        if (o.progress)
+        {
+            usage("--progress may not be used when"
+                  " writing to standard output");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((! o.split_pages) && QUtil::same_file(o.infilename, o.outfilename))
+    {
+        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf same file error");
+        usage("input file and output file are the same;"
+              " use --replace-input to intentionally overwrite the input file");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+QPDFJob::initializeFromArgv(int argc, char* argv[], char const* progname_env)
+{
+    if (progname_env == nullptr)
+    {
+        progname_env = "QPDF_EXECUTABLE";
+    }
+    // QPDFArgParser must stay in scope for the life of the QPDFJob
+    // object since it holds dynamic memory used for argv, which is
+    // pointed to by other member variables.
+    this->m->ap = new QPDFArgParser(argc, argv, progname_env);
+    setMessagePrefix(this->m->ap->getProgname());
+    ArgParser ap(*this->m->ap, *this);
+    ap.parseOptions();
+}
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ SRCS_libqpdf = \
 	libqpdf/QPDFFileSpecObjectHelper.cc \
 	libqpdf/QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper.cc \
 	libqpdf/QPDFJob.cc \
+	libqpdf/QPDFJob_argv.cc \
 	libqpdf/QPDFMatrix.cc \
 	libqpdf/QPDFNameTreeObjectHelper.cc \
 	libqpdf/QPDFNumberTreeObjectHelper.cc \
-// QXXXQ update headers
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-//#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <qpdf/QUtil.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QTC.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QPDFCryptoProvider.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QPDFArgParser.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QPDFJob.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QIntC.hh>
-
-static int constexpr EXIT_ERROR = 2;
-static int EXIT_WARNING = 3;    // may be changed to 0 at runtime
-
-// For is-encrypted and requires-password
-static int constexpr EXIT_IS_NOT_ENCRYPTED = 2;
-static int constexpr EXIT_CORRECT_PASSWORD = 3;
-
-static char const* whoami = 0;
-
-class ArgParser
-{
-  public:
-    ArgParser(int argc, char* argv[], QPDFJob& o);
-    void parseOptions();
-
-  private:
-    static constexpr char const* O_PAGES = "pages";
-    static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT = "encryption";
-    static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_40 = "40-bit encryption";
-    static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_128 = "128-bit encryption";
-    static constexpr char const* O_ENCRYPT_256 = "256-bit encryption";
-    static constexpr char const* O_UNDER_OVERLAY = "underlay/overlay";
-    static constexpr char const* O_ATTACHMENT = "attachment";
-    static constexpr char const* O_COPY_ATTACHMENT = "copy attachment";
-
-    void argHelp();
-    void argVersion();
-    void argCopyright();
-    void argJsonHelp();
-    void argShowCrypto();
-    void argPositional(char* arg);
-    void argPassword(char* parameter);
-    void argPasswordFile(char* parameter);
-    void argEmpty();
-    void argLinearize();
-    void argEncrypt();
-    void argDecrypt();
-    void argPasswordIsHexKey();
-    void argAllowInsecure();
-    void argAllowWeakCrypto();
-    void argPasswordMode(char* parameter);
-    void argSuppressPasswordRecovery();
-    void argCopyEncryption(char* parameter);
-    void argEncryptionFilePassword(char* parameter);
-    void argPages();
-    void argPagesPassword(char* parameter);
-    void argPagesPositional(char* parameter);
-    void argEndPages();
-    void argUnderlay();
-    void argOverlay();
-    void argRotate(char* parameter);
-    void argCollate(char* parameter);
-    void argFlattenRotation();
-    void argListAttachments();
-    void argShowAttachment(char* parameter);
-    void argRemoveAttachment(char* parameter);
-    void argAddAttachment();
-    void argCopyAttachments();
-    void argStreamData(char* parameter);
-    void argCompressStreams(char* parameter);
-    void argRecompressFlate();
-    void argCompressionLevel(char* parameter);
-    void argDecodeLevel(char* parameter);
-    void argNormalizeContent(char* parameter);
-    void argSuppressRecovery();
-    void argObjectStreams(char* parameter);
-    void argIgnoreXrefStreams();
-    void argQdf();
-    void argPreserveUnreferenced();
-    void argPreserveUnreferencedResources();
-    void argRemoveUnreferencedResources(char* parameter);
-    void argKeepFilesOpen(char* parameter);
-    void argKeepFilesOpenThreshold(char* parameter);
-    void argNewlineBeforeEndstream();
-    void argLinearizePass1(char* parameter);
-    void argCoalesceContents();
-    void argFlattenAnnotations(char* parameter);
-    void argGenerateAppearances();
-    void argMinVersion(char* parameter);
-    void argForceVersion(char* parameter);
-    void argSplitPages(char* parameter);
-    void argVerbose();
-    void argProgress();
-    void argNoWarn();
-    void argWarningExitZero();
-    void argDeterministicId();
-    void argStaticId();
-    void argStaticAesIv();
-    void argNoOriginalObjectIds();
-    void argShowEncryption();
-    void argShowEncryptionKey();
-    void argCheckLinearization();
-    void argShowLinearization();
-    void argShowXref();
-    void argShowObject(char* parameter);
-    void argRawStreamData();
-    void argFilteredStreamData();
-    void argShowNpages();
-    void argShowPages();
-    void argWithImages();
-    void argJson();
-    void argJsonKey(char* parameter);
-    void argJsonObject(char* parameter);
-    void argCheck();
-    void argOptimizeImages();
-    void argExternalizeInlineImages();
-    void argKeepInlineImages();
-    void argRemovePageLabels();
-    void argOiMinWidth(char* parameter);
-    void argOiMinHeight(char* parameter);
-    void argOiMinArea(char* parameter);
-    void argIiMinBytes(char* parameter);
-    void arg40Print(char* parameter);
-    void arg40Modify(char* parameter);
-    void arg40Extract(char* parameter);
-    void arg40Annotate(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Accessibility(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Extract(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Print(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Modify(char* parameter);
-    void arg128ClearTextMetadata();
-    void arg128Assemble(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Annotate(char* parameter);
-    void arg128Form(char* parameter);
-    void arg128ModOther(char* parameter);
-    void arg128UseAes(char* parameter);
-    void arg128ForceV4();
-    void arg256ForceR5();
-    void argEncryptPositional(char* arg);
-    void argEndEncrypt();
-    void argUOpositional(char* arg);
-    void argUOto(char* parameter);
-    void argUOfrom(char* parameter);
-    void argUOrepeat(char* parameter);
-    void argUOpassword(char* parameter);
-    void argEndUnderOverlay();
-    void argReplaceInput();
-    void argIsEncrypted();
-    void argRequiresPassword();
-    void argAApositional(char* arg);
-    void argAAKey(char* parameter);
-    void argAAFilename(char* parameter);
-    void argAACreationDate(char* parameter);
-    void argAAModDate(char* parameter);
-    void argAAMimeType(char* parameter);
-    void argAADescription(char* parameter);
-    void argAAReplace();
-    void argEndAddAttachment();
-    void argCApositional(char* arg);
-    void argCAprefix(char* parameter);
-    void argCApassword(char* parameter);
-    void argEndCopyAttachments();
-
-    void usage(std::string const& message);
-    void initOptionTable();
-    void doFinalChecks();
-    void parseUnderOverlayOptions(QPDFJob::UnderOverlay*);
-    void parseRotationParameter(std::string const&);
-    std::vector<int> parseNumrange(char const* range, int max,
-                                   bool throw_error = false);
-
-    QPDFArgParser ap;
-    QPDFJob& o;
-    std::vector<char*> accumulated_args;
-    char* pages_password;
-};
-
-ArgParser::ArgParser(int argc, char* argv[], QPDFJob& o) :
-    ap(argc, argv, "QPDF_EXECUTABLE"),
-    o(o),
-    pages_password(nullptr)
-{
-    initOptionTable();
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::initOptionTable()
-{
-    auto b = [this](void (ArgParser::*f)()) {
-        return QPDFArgParser::bindBare(f, this);
-    };
-    auto p = [this](void (ArgParser::*f)(char *)) {
-        return QPDFArgParser::bindParam(f, this);
-    };
-
-    this->ap.addFinalCheck(b(&ArgParser::doFinalChecks));
-
-    this->ap.selectHelpOptionTable();
-    this->ap.addBare("help", b(&ArgParser::argHelp));
-    this->ap.addBare("version", b(&ArgParser::argVersion));
-    this->ap.addBare("copyright", b(&ArgParser::argCopyright));
-    this->ap.addBare("json-help", b(&ArgParser::argJsonHelp));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-crypto", b(&ArgParser::argShowCrypto));
-
-    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
-    char const* yn[] = {"y", "n", 0};
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argPositional));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
-        p(&ArgParser::argPassword), "password");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password-file",
-        p(&ArgParser::argPasswordFile), "password-file");
-    this->ap.addBare("empty", b(&ArgParser::argEmpty));
-    this->ap.addBare("linearize", b(&ArgParser::argLinearize));
-    this->ap.addBare("decrypt", b(&ArgParser::argDecrypt));
-    this->ap.addBare("password-is-hex-key", b(&ArgParser::argPasswordIsHexKey));
-    this->ap.addBare("suppress-password-recovery",
-                     b(&ArgParser::argSuppressPasswordRecovery));
-    char const* password_mode_choices[] =
-        {"bytes", "hex-bytes", "unicode", "auto", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("password-mode",
-        p(&ArgParser::argPasswordMode), password_mode_choices);
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("copy-encryption",
-        p(&ArgParser::argCopyEncryption), "file");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("encryption-file-password",
-        p(&ArgParser::argEncryptionFilePassword), "password");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("rotate",
-        p(&ArgParser::argRotate), "[+|-]angle:page-range");
-    char const* stream_data_choices[] =
-        {"compress", "preserve", "uncompress", 0};
-    this->ap.addOptionalParameter("collate",p(&ArgParser::argCollate));
-    this->ap.addBare("flatten-rotation", b(&ArgParser::argFlattenRotation));
-    this->ap.addBare("list-attachments", b(&ArgParser::argListAttachments));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("show-attachment",
-        p(&ArgParser::argShowAttachment), "attachment-key");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("remove-attachment",
-        p(&ArgParser::argRemoveAttachment), "attachment-key");
-    this->ap.addBare("add-attachment", b(&ArgParser::argAddAttachment));
-    this->ap.addBare(
-        "copy-attachments-from", b(&ArgParser::argCopyAttachments));
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("stream-data",
-        p(&ArgParser::argStreamData), stream_data_choices);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("compress-streams",
-        p(&ArgParser::argCompressStreams), yn);
-    this->ap.addBare("recompress-flate", b(&ArgParser::argRecompressFlate));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("compression-level",
-        p(&ArgParser::argCompressionLevel), "level");
-    char const* decode_level_choices[] =
-        {"none", "generalized", "specialized", "all", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("decode-level",
-        p(&ArgParser::argDecodeLevel), decode_level_choices);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("normalize-content",
-        p(&ArgParser::argNormalizeContent), yn);
-    this->ap.addBare("suppress-recovery", b(&ArgParser::argSuppressRecovery));
-    char const* object_streams_choices[] = {
-        "disable", "preserve", "generate", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("object-streams",
-        p(&ArgParser::argObjectStreams), object_streams_choices);
-    this->ap.addBare(
-        "ignore-xref-streams", b(&ArgParser::argIgnoreXrefStreams));
-    this->ap.addBare("qdf", b(&ArgParser::argQdf));
-    this->ap.addBare(
-        "preserve-unreferenced", b(&ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferenced));
-    this->ap.addBare(
-        "preserve-unreferenced-resources",
-        b(&ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferencedResources));
-    char const* remove_unref_choices[] = {
-        "auto", "yes", "no", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("remove-unreferenced-resources",
-        p(&ArgParser::argRemoveUnreferencedResources), remove_unref_choices);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("keep-files-open",
-        p(&ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpen), yn);
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("keep-files-open-threshold",
-        p(&ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpenThreshold), "count");
-    this->ap.addBare("newline-before-endstream", b(&ArgParser::argNewlineBeforeEndstream));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("linearize-pass1",
-        p(&ArgParser::argLinearizePass1), "filename");
-    this->ap.addBare("coalesce-contents", b(&ArgParser::argCoalesceContents));
-    char const* flatten_choices[] = {"all", "print", "screen", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("flatten-annotations",
-        p(&ArgParser::argFlattenAnnotations), flatten_choices);
-    this->ap.addBare("generate-appearances", b(&ArgParser::argGenerateAppearances));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("min-version",
-        p(&ArgParser::argMinVersion), "version");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("force-version",
-        p(&ArgParser::argForceVersion), "version");
-    this->ap.addOptionalParameter("split-pages",p(&ArgParser::argSplitPages));
-    this->ap.addBare("verbose", b(&ArgParser::argVerbose));
-    this->ap.addBare("progress", b(&ArgParser::argProgress));
-    this->ap.addBare("no-warn", b(&ArgParser::argNoWarn));
-    this->ap.addBare("warning-exit-0", b(&ArgParser::argWarningExitZero));
-    this->ap.addBare("deterministic-id", b(&ArgParser::argDeterministicId));
-    this->ap.addBare("static-id", b(&ArgParser::argStaticId));
-    this->ap.addBare("static-aes-iv", b(&ArgParser::argStaticAesIv));
-    this->ap.addBare("no-original-object-ids", b(&ArgParser::argNoOriginalObjectIds));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-encryption", b(&ArgParser::argShowEncryption));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-encryption-key", b(&ArgParser::argShowEncryptionKey));
-    this->ap.addBare("check-linearization", b(&ArgParser::argCheckLinearization));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-linearization", b(&ArgParser::argShowLinearization));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-xref", b(&ArgParser::argShowXref));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("show-object",
-        p(&ArgParser::argShowObject), "trailer|obj[,gen]");
-    this->ap.addBare("raw-stream-data", b(&ArgParser::argRawStreamData));
-    this->ap.addBare("filtered-stream-data", b(&ArgParser::argFilteredStreamData));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-npages", b(&ArgParser::argShowNpages));
-    this->ap.addBare("show-pages", b(&ArgParser::argShowPages));
-    this->ap.addBare("with-images", b(&ArgParser::argWithImages));
-    this->ap.addBare("json", b(&ArgParser::argJson));
-    // QXXXQ
-    // The list of selectable top-level keys id duplicated in three
-    // places: json_schema, do_json, and initOptionTable.
-    char const* json_key_choices[] = {
-        "objects", "objectinfo", "pages", "pagelabels", "outlines",
-        "acroform", "encrypt", "attachments", 0};
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("json-key",
-        p(&ArgParser::argJsonKey), json_key_choices);
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("json-object",
-        p(&ArgParser::argJsonObject), "trailer|obj[,gen]");
-    this->ap.addBare("check", b(&ArgParser::argCheck));
-    this->ap.addBare("optimize-images", b(&ArgParser::argOptimizeImages));
-    this->ap.addBare("externalize-inline-images", b(&ArgParser::argExternalizeInlineImages));
-    this->ap.addBare("keep-inline-images", b(&ArgParser::argKeepInlineImages));
-    this->ap.addBare("remove-page-labels", b(&ArgParser::argRemovePageLabels));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-width",
-        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinWidth), "minimum-width");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-height",
-        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinHeight), "minimum-height");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("oi-min-area",
-        p(&ArgParser::argOiMinArea), "minimum-area");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("ii-min-bytes",
-        p(&ArgParser::argIiMinBytes), "minimum-bytes");
-    this->ap.addBare("overlay", b(&ArgParser::argOverlay));
-    this->ap.addBare("underlay", b(&ArgParser::argUnderlay));
-    this->ap.addBare("replace-input", b(&ArgParser::argReplaceInput));
-    this->ap.addBare("is-encrypted", b(&ArgParser::argIsEncrypted));
-    this->ap.addBare("requires-password", b(&ArgParser::argRequiresPassword));
-    this->ap.addBare("allow-weak-crypto", b(&ArgParser::argAllowWeakCrypto));
-
-    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
-    this->ap.addBare("pages", b(&ArgParser::argPages));
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_PAGES, b(&ArgParser::argEndPages));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter(
-        "password", p(&ArgParser::argPagesPassword), "password");
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argPagesPositional));
-
-    this->ap.selectMainOptionTable();
-    this->ap.addBare("encrypt", b(&ArgParser::argEncrypt));
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argEncryptPositional));
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_40, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("extract",p(&ArgParser::arg40Extract), yn);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("annotate",p(&ArgParser::arg40Annotate), yn);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("print",p(&ArgParser::arg40Print), yn);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify",p(&ArgParser::arg40Modify), yn);
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256, b(&ArgParser::argEndEncrypt));
-    for (char const* k: {O_ENCRYPT_128, O_ENCRYPT_256})
-    {
-        this->ap.selectOptionTable(k);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("accessibility",
-                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Accessibility), yn);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("extract", p(&ArgParser::arg128Extract), yn);
-        char const* print128_choices[] = {"full", "low", "none", 0};
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("print",
-                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Print), print128_choices);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("assemble",p(&ArgParser::arg128Assemble), yn);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("annotate",p(&ArgParser::arg128Annotate), yn);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("form",p(&ArgParser::arg128Form), yn);
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify-other",p(&ArgParser::arg128ModOther), yn);
-        char const* modify128_choices[] =
-            {"all", "annotate", "form", "assembly", "none", 0};
-        this->ap.addRequiredChoices("modify",
-                                    p(&ArgParser::arg128Modify), modify128_choices);
-        this->ap.addBare("cleartext-metadata", b(&ArgParser::arg128ClearTextMetadata));
-    }
-
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128);
-    this->ap.addRequiredChoices("use-aes",p(&ArgParser::arg128UseAes), yn);
-    this->ap.addBare("force-V4", b(&ArgParser::arg128ForceV4));
-
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256);
-    this->ap.addBare("force-R5", b(&ArgParser::arg256ForceR5));
-    this->ap.addBare("allow-insecure", b(&ArgParser::argAllowInsecure));
-
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_UNDER_OVERLAY, b(&ArgParser::argEndUnderOverlay));
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argUOpositional));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("to",
-        p(&ArgParser::argUOto), "page-range");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("from",
-        p(&ArgParser::argUOfrom), "page-range");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("repeat",
-        p(&ArgParser::argUOrepeat), "page-range");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
-        p(&ArgParser::argUOpassword), "password");
-
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_ATTACHMENT, b(&ArgParser::argEndAddAttachment));
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argAApositional));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("key",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAAKey), "attachment-key");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("filename",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAAFilename), "filename");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("creationdate",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAACreationDate), "creation-date");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("moddate",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAAModDate), "modification-date");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("mimetype",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAAMimeType), "mime/type");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("description",
-        p(&ArgParser::argAADescription), "description");
-    this->ap.addBare("replace", b(&ArgParser::argAAReplace));
-
-    this->ap.registerOptionTable(O_COPY_ATTACHMENT, b(&ArgParser::argEndCopyAttachments));
-    this->ap.addPositional(p(&ArgParser::argCApositional));
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("prefix",
-        p(&ArgParser::argCAprefix), "prefix");
-    this->ap.addRequiredParameter("password",
-        p(&ArgParser::argCApassword), "password");
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPositional(char* arg)
-{
-    if (o.infilename == 0)
-    {
-        o.infilename = arg;
-    }
-    else if (o.outfilename == 0)
-    {
-        o.outfilename = arg;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usage(std::string("unknown argument ") + arg);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argVersion()
-{
-    std::cout
-        << whoami << " version " << QPDF::QPDFVersion() << std::endl
-        << "Run " << whoami << " --copyright to see copyright and license information."
-        << std::endl;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCopyright()
-{
-    // Make sure the output looks right on an 80-column display.
-    //               1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
-    //      12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
-    std::cout
-        << whoami << " version " << QPDF::QPDFVersion() << std::endl
-        << std::endl
-        << "Copyright (c) 2005-2021 Jay Berkenbilt"
-        << std::endl
-        << "QPDF is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");"
-        << std::endl
-        << "you may not use this file except in compliance with the License."
-        << std::endl
-        << "You may obtain a copy of the License at"
-        << std::endl
-        << std::endl
-        << "  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
-        << std::endl
-        << std::endl
-        << "Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software"
-        << std::endl
-        << "distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,"
-        << std::endl
-        << "WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied."
-        << std::endl
-        << "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and"
-        << std::endl
-        << "limitations under the License."
-        << std::endl
-        << std::endl
-        << "Versions of qpdf prior to version 7 were released under the terms"
-        << std::endl
-        << "of version 2.0 of the Artistic License. At your option, you may"
-        << std::endl
-        << "continue to consider qpdf to be licensed under those terms. Please"
-        << std::endl
-        << "see the manual for additional information."
-        << std::endl;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argHelp()
-{
-    std::cout
-        // 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
-        << "Usage: qpdf [options] {infile | --empty} [page_selection_options] outfile\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "An option summary appears below.  Please see the documentation for details.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "If @filename appears anywhere in the command-line, each line of filename\n"
-        << "will be interpreted as an argument. No interpolation is done. Line\n"
-        << "terminators are stripped, but leading and trailing whitespace is\n"
-        << "intentionally preserved. @- can be specified to read from standard input.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The output file can be - to indicate writing to standard output, or it can\n"
-        << "be --replace-input to cause qpdf to replace the input file with the output.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Note that when contradictory options are provided, whichever options are\n"
-        << "provided last take precedence.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Basic Options\n"
-        << "-------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--version               show version of qpdf\n"
-        << "--copyright             show qpdf's copyright and license information\n"
-        << "--help                  show command-line argument help\n"
-        << "--show-crypto           show supported crypto providers; default is first\n"
-        << "--completion-bash       output a bash complete command you can eval\n"
-        << "--completion-zsh        output a zsh complete command you can eval\n"
-        << "--password=password     specify a password for accessing encrypted files\n"
-        << "--password-file=file    get the password the first line \"file\"; use \"-\"\n"
-        << "                        to read the password from stdin (without prompt or\n"
-        << "                        disabling echo, so use with caution)\n"
-        << "--is-encrypted          silently exit 0 if the file is encrypted or 2\n"
-        << "                        if not; useful for shell scripts\n"
-        << "--requires-password     silently exit 0 if a password (other than as\n"
-        << "                        supplied) is required, 2 if the file is not\n"
-        << "                        encrypted, or 3 if the file is encrypted\n"
-        << "                        but requires no password or the supplied password\n"
-        << "                        is correct; useful for shell scripts\n"
-        << "--verbose               provide additional informational output\n"
-        << "--progress              give progress indicators while writing output\n"
-        << "--no-warn               suppress warnings\n"
-        << "--warning-exit-0        exit with code 0 instead of 3 if there are warnings\n"
-        << "--linearize             generated a linearized (web optimized) file\n"
-        << "--replace-input         use in place of specifying an output file; qpdf will\n"
-        << "                        replace the input file with the output\n"
-        << "--copy-encryption=file  copy encryption parameters from specified file\n"
-        << "--encryption-file-password=password\n"
-        << "                        password used to open the file from which encryption\n"
-        << "                        parameters are being copied\n"
-        << "--allow-weak-crypto     allow creation of files using weak cryptographic\n"
-        << "                        algorithms\n"
-        << "--encrypt options --    generate an encrypted file\n"
-        << "--decrypt               remove any encryption on the file\n"
-        << "--password-is-hex-key   treat primary password option as a hex-encoded key\n"
-        << "--suppress-password-recovery\n"
-        << "                        do not attempt recovering from password string\n"
-        << "                        encoding errors\n"
-        << "--password-mode=mode    control qpdf's encoding of passwords\n"
-        << "--pages options --      select specific pages from one or more files\n"
-        << "--collate=n             causes files specified in --pages to be collated\n"
-        << "                        in groups of n pages (default 1) rather than\n"
-        << "                        concatenated\n"
-        << "--flatten-rotation      move page rotation from /Rotate key to content\n"
-        << "--rotate=[+|-]angle[:page-range]\n"
-        << "                        rotate each specified page 0, 90, 180, or 270\n"
-        << "                        degrees; rotate all pages if no page range is given\n"
-        << "--split-pages=[n]       write each output page to a separate file\n"
-        << "--overlay options --    overlay pages from another file\n"
-        << "--underlay options --   underlay pages from another file\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Note that you can use the @filename or @- syntax for any argument at any\n"
-        << "point in the command. This provides a good way to specify a password without\n"
-        << "having to explicitly put it on the command line. @filename or @- must be a\n"
-        << "word by itself. Syntax such as --arg=@filename doesn't work.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "If none of --copy-encryption, --encrypt or --decrypt are given, qpdf will\n"
-        << "preserve any encryption data associated with a file.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Note that when copying encryption parameters from another file, all\n"
-        << "parameters will be copied, including both user and owner passwords, even\n"
-        << "if the user password is used to open the other file.  This works even if\n"
-        << "the owner password is not known.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --password-is-hex-key option overrides the normal computation of\n"
-        << "encryption keys. It only applies to the password used to open the main\n"
-        << "file. This option is not ordinarily useful but can be helpful for forensic\n"
-        << "or investigatory purposes. See manual for further discussion.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --rotate flag can be used to specify pages to rotate pages either\n"
-        << "0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. The page range is specified in the same\n"
-        << "format as with the --pages option, described below. Repeat the option\n"
-        << "to rotate multiple groups of pages. If the angle is preceded by + or -,\n"
-        << "it is added to or subtracted from the original rotation. Otherwise, the\n"
-        << "rotation angle is set explicitly to the given value. You almost always\n"
-        << "want to use + or - unless you are certain about the internals of the PDF\n"
-        << "you are working with.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "If --split-pages is specified, each page is written to a separate output\n"
-        << "file. File names are generated as follows:\n"
-        << "* If the string %d appears in the output file name, it is replaced with a\n"
-        << "  zero-padded page range starting from 1\n"
-        << "* Otherwise, if the output file name ends in .pdf (case insensitive), a\n"
-        << "  zero-padded page range, preceded by a dash, is inserted before the file\n"
-        << "  extension\n"
-        << "* Otherwise, the file name is appended with a zero-padded page range\n"
-        << "  preceded by a dash.\n"
-        << "Page ranges are single page numbers for single-page groups or first-last\n"
-        << "for multipage groups.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Encryption Options\n"
-        << "------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  --encrypt user-password owner-password key-length flags --\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Note that -- terminates parsing of encryption flags.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Either or both of the user password and the owner password may be\n"
-        << "empty strings.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "key-length may be 40, 128, or 256\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Additional flags are dependent upon key length.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  If 40:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "    --print=[yn]             allow printing\n"
-        << "    --modify=[yn]            allow document modification\n"
-        << "    --extract=[yn]           allow text/graphic extraction\n"
-        << "    --annotate=[yn]          allow comments and form fill-in and signing\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  If 128:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "    --accessibility=[yn]     allow accessibility to visually impaired\n"
-        << "    --extract=[yn]           allow other text/graphic extraction\n"
-        << "    --print=print-opt        control printing access\n"
-        << "    --assemble=[yn]          allow document assembly\n"
-        << "    --annotate=[yn]          allow commenting/filling form fields\n"
-        << "    --form=[yn]              allow filling form fields\n"
-        << "    --modify-other=[yn]      allow other modifications\n"
-        << "    --modify=modify-opt      control modify access (old way)\n"
-        << "    --cleartext-metadata     prevents encryption of metadata\n"
-        << "    --use-aes=[yn]           indicates whether to use AES encryption\n"
-        << "    --force-V4               forces use of V=4 encryption handler\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  If 256, options are the same as 128 with these exceptions:\n"
-        << "    --force-V4               this option is not available with 256-bit keys\n"
-        << "    --use-aes                this option is always on with 256-bit keys\n"
-        << "    --force-R5               forces use of deprecated R=5 encryption\n"
-        << "    --allow-insecure         allow the owner password to be empty when the\n"
-        << "                             user password is not empty\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "    print-opt may be:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "      full                  allow full printing\n"
-        << "      low                   allow only low-resolution printing\n"
-        << "      none                  disallow printing\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "    modify-opt may be:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "      all                   allow full document modification\n"
-        << "      annotate              allow comment authoring and form operations\n"
-        << "      form                  allow form field fill-in and signing\n"
-        << "      assembly              allow document assembly only\n"
-        << "      none                  allow no modifications\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The default for each permission option is to be fully permissive. Please\n"
-        << "refer to the manual for more details on the modify options.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Specifying cleartext-metadata forces the PDF version to at least 1.5.\n"
-        << "Specifying use of AES forces the PDF version to at least 1.6.  These\n"
-        << "options are both off by default.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --force-V4 flag forces the V=4 encryption handler introduced in PDF 1.5\n"
-        << "to be used even if not otherwise needed.  This option is primarily useful\n"
-        << "for testing qpdf and has no other practical use.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "A warning will be issued if you attempt to encrypt a file with a format that\n"
-        << "uses a weak cryptographic algorithm such as RC4. To suppress the warning,\n"
-        << "specify the option --allow-weak-crypto. This option is outside of encryption\n"
-        << "options (e.g. --allow-week-crypto --encrypt u o 128 --)\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Password Modes\n"
-        << "--------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --password-mode controls how qpdf interprets passwords supplied\n"
-        << "on the command-line. qpdf's default behavior is correct in almost all\n"
-        << "cases, but you can fine-tune with this option.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  bytes: use the password literally as supplied\n"
-        << "  hex-bytes: interpret the password as a hex-encoded byte string\n"
-        << "  unicode: interpret the password as a UTF-8 encoded string\n"
-        << "  auto: attempt to infer the encoding and adjust as needed\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "This is a complex topic. See the manual for a complete discussion.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Page Selection Options\n"
-        << "----------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These options allow pages to be selected from one or more PDF files.\n"
-        << "Whatever file is given as the primary input file is used as the\n"
-        << "starting point, but its pages are replaced with pages as specified.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--keep-files-open=[yn]\n"
-        << "--keep-files-open-threshold=count\n"
-        << "--pages file [ --password=password ] [ page-range ] ... --\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "For each file that pages should be taken from, specify the file, a\n"
-        << "password needed to open the file (if any), and a page range.  The\n"
-        << "password needs to be given only once per file.  If any of the input\n"
-        << "files are the same as the primary input file or the file used to copy\n"
-        << "encryption parameters (if specified), you do not need to repeat the\n"
-        << "password here.  The same file can be repeated multiple times.  The\n"
-        << "filename \".\" may be used to refer to the current input file.  All\n"
-        << "non-page data (info, outlines, page numbers, etc. are taken from the\n"
-        << "primary input file.  To discard this, use --empty as the primary\n"
-        << "input.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "By default, when more than 200 distinct files are specified, qpdf will\n"
-        << "close each file when not being referenced. With 200 files or fewer, all\n"
-        << "files will be kept open at the same time. This behavior can be overridden\n"
-        << "by specifying --keep-files-open=[yn]. Closing and opening files can have\n"
-        << "very high overhead on certain file systems, especially networked file\n"
-        << "systems. The threshold of 200 can be modified with\n"
-        << "--keep-files-open-threshold\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The page range is a set of numbers separated by commas, ranges of\n"
-        << "numbers separated dashes, or combinations of those.  The character\n"
-        << "\"z\" represents the last page.  A number preceded by an \"r\" indicates\n"
-        << "to count from the end, so \"r3-r1\" would be the last three pages of the\n"
-        << "document.  Pages can appear in any order.  Ranges can appear with a\n"
-        << "high number followed by a low number, which causes the pages to appear in\n"
-        << "reverse.  Numbers may be repeated.  A page range may be appended with :odd\n"
-        << "to indicate odd pages in the selected range or :even to indicate even\n"
-        << "pages.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "If the page range is omitted, the range of 1-z is assumed.  qpdf decides\n"
-        << "that the page range is omitted if the range argument is either -- or a\n"
-        << "valid file name and not a valid range.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The usual behavior of --pages is to add all pages from the first file,\n"
-        << "then all pages from the second file, and so on. If the --collate option\n"
-        << "is specified, then pages are collated instead. In other words, qpdf takes\n"
-        << "the first page from the first file, the first page from the second file,\n"
-        << "and so on until it runs out of files; then it takes the second page from\n"
-        << "each file, etc. When a file runs out of pages, it is skipped until all\n"
-        << "specified pages are taken from all files.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "See the manual for examples and a discussion of additional subtleties.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Overlay and Underlay Options\n"
-        << "----------------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These options allow pages from another file to be overlaid or underlaid\n"
-        << "on the primary output. Overlaid pages are drawn on top of the destination\n"
-        << "page and may obscure the page. Underlaid pages are drawn below the\n"
-        << "destination page.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "{--overlay | --underlay } file\n"
-        "      [ --password=password ]\n"
-        "      [ --to=page-range ]\n"
-        "      [ --from=[page-range] ]\n"
-        "      [ --repeat=page-range ]\n"
-        "      --\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "For overlay and underlay, a file and optional password are specified, along\n"
-        << "with a series of optional page ranges. The default behavior is that each\n"
-        << "page of the overlay or underlay file is imposed on the corresponding page\n"
-        << "of the primary output until it runs out of pages, and any extra pages are\n"
-        << "ignored. The page range options all take page ranges in the same form as\n"
-        << "the --pages option. They have the following meanings:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  --to:     the pages in the primary output to which overlay/underlay is\n"
-        << "            applied\n"
-        << "  --from:   the pages from the overlay/underlay file that are used\n"
-        << "  --repeat: pages from the overlay/underlay that are repeated after\n"
-        << "            any \"from\" pages have been exhausted\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Embedded Files/Attachments Options\n"
-        << "----------------------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These options can be used to work with embedded files, also known as\n"
-        << "attachments.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--list-attachments        show key and stream number for embedded files;\n"
-        << "                          combine with --verbose for more detailed information\n"
-        << "--show-attachment=key     write the contents of the specified attachment to\n"
-        << "                          standard output as binary data\n"
-        << "--add-attachment file options --\n"
-        << "                          add or replace an attachment\n"
-        << "--remove-attachment=key   remove the specified attachment; repeatable\n"
-        << "--copy-attachments-from file options --\n"
-        << "                          copy attachments from another file\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The \"key\" option is the unique name under which the attachment is registered\n"
-        << "within the PDF file. You can get this using the --list-attachments option. This\n"
-        << "is usually the same as the filename, but it doesn't have to be.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Options for adding attachments:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  file                    path to the file to attach\n"
-        << "  --key=key               the name of this in the embedded files table;\n"
-        << "                          defaults to the last path element of file\n"
-        << "  --filename=name         the file name of the attachment; this is what is\n"
-        << "                          usually displayed to the user; defaults to the\n"
-        << "                          last path element of file\n"
-        << "  --creationdate=date     creation date in PDF format; defaults to the\n"
-        << "                          current time\n"
-        << "  --moddate=date          modification date in PDF format; defaults to the\n"
-        << "                          current time\n"
-        << "  --mimetype=type/subtype   mime type of attachment (e.g. application/pdf)\n"
-        << "  --description=\"text\"    attachment description\n"
-        << "  --replace               replace any existing attachment with the same key\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Options for copying attachments:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  file                    file whose attachments should be copied\n"
-        << "  --password=password     password to open the other file, if needed\n"
-        << "  --prefix=prefix         a prefix to insert in front of each key;\n"
-        << "                          required if needed to ensure each attachment\n"
-        << "                          has a unique key\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Date format: D:yyyymmddhhmmss<z> where <z> is either Z for UTC or a timezone\n"
-        << "offset in the form -hh'mm' or +hh'mm'.\n"
-        << "Examples: D:20210207161528-05'00', D:20210207211528Z\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Advanced Parsing Options\n"
-        << "------------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These options control aspects of how qpdf reads PDF files. Mostly these are\n"
-        << "of use to people who are working with damaged files. There is little reason\n"
-        << "to use these options unless you are trying to solve specific problems.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--suppress-recovery       prevents qpdf from attempting to recover damaged files\n"
-        << "--ignore-xref-streams     tells qpdf to ignore any cross-reference streams\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Advanced Transformation Options\n"
-        << "-------------------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These transformation options control fine points of how qpdf creates\n"
-        << "the output file.  Mostly these are of use only to people who are very\n"
-        << "familiar with the PDF file format or who are PDF developers.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--stream-data=option      controls transformation of stream data (below)\n"
-        << "--compress-streams=[yn]   controls whether to compress streams on output\n"
-        << "--decode-level=option     controls how to filter streams from the input\n"
-        << "--recompress-flate        recompress streams already compressed with Flate\n"
-        << "--compression-level=n     set zlib compression level; most effective with\n"
-        << "                          --recompress-flate --object-streams=generate\n"
-        << "--normalize-content=[yn]  enables or disables normalization of content streams\n"
-        << "--object-streams=mode     controls handing of object streams\n"
-        << "--preserve-unreferenced   preserve unreferenced objects\n"
-        << "--remove-unreferenced-resources={auto,yes,no}\n"
-        << "                          whether to remove unreferenced page resources\n"
-        << "--preserve-unreferenced-resources\n"
-        << "                          synonym for --remove-unreferenced-resources=no\n"
-        << "--newline-before-endstream  always put a newline before endstream\n"
-        << "--coalesce-contents       force all pages' content to be a single stream\n"
-        << "--flatten-annotations=option\n"
-        << "                          incorporate rendering of annotations into page\n"
-        << "                          contents including those for interactive form\n"
-        << "                          fields; may also want --generate-appearances\n"
-        << "--generate-appearances    generate appearance streams for form fields\n"
-        << "--optimize-images         compress images with DCT (JPEG) when advantageous\n"
-        << "--oi-min-width=w          do not optimize images whose width is below w;\n"
-        << "                          default is 128. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
-        << "--oi-min-height=h         do not optimize images whose height is below h\n"
-        << "                          default is 128. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
-        << "--oi-min-area=a           do not optimize images whose pixel count is below a\n"
-        << "                          default is 16,384. Use 0 to mean no minimum\n"
-        << "--externalize-inline-images  convert inline images to regular images; by\n"
-        << "                          default, images of at least 1,024 bytes are\n"
-        << "                          externalized\n"
-        << "--ii-min-bytes=bytes      specify minimum size of inline images to be\n"
-        << "                          converted to regular images\n"
-        << "--keep-inline-images      exclude inline images from image optimization\n"
-        << "--remove-page-labels      remove any page labels present in the output file\n"
-        << "--qdf                     turns on \"QDF mode\" (below)\n"
-        << "--linearize-pass1=file    write intermediate pass of linearized file\n"
-        << "                          for debugging\n"
-        << "--min-version=version     sets the minimum PDF version of the output file\n"
-        << "--force-version=version   forces this to be the PDF version of the output file\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Options for --flatten-annotations are all, print, or screen. If the option\n"
-        << "is print, only annotations marked as print are included. If the option is\n"
-        << "screen, options marked as \"no view\" are excluded. Otherwise, annotations\n"
-        << "are flattened regardless of the presence of print or NoView flags. It is\n"
-        << "common for PDF files to have a flag set that appearance streams need to be\n"
-        << "regenerated. This happens when someone changes a form value with software\n"
-        << "that does not know how to render the new value. qpdf will not flatten form\n"
-        << "fields in files like this. If you get this warning, you have two choices:\n"
-        << "either use qpdf's --generate-appearances flag to tell qpdf to go ahead and\n"
-        << "regenerate appearances, or use some other tool to generate the appearances.\n"
-        << "qpdf does a pretty good job with most forms when only ASCII and \"Windows\n"
-        << "ANSI\" characters are used in form field values, but if your form fields\n"
-        << "contain other characters, rich text, or are other than left justified, you\n"
-        << "will get better results first saving with other software.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Version numbers may be expressed as major.minor.extension-level, so 1.7.3\n"
-        << "means PDF version 1.7 at extension level 3.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Values for stream data options:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  compress              recompress stream data when possible (default)\n"
-        << "  preserve              leave all stream data as is\n"
-        << "  uncompress            uncompress stream data when possible\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Values for object stream mode:\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "  preserve                  preserve original object streams (default)\n"
-        << "  disable                   don't write any object streams\n"
-        << "  generate                  use object streams wherever possible\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "When --compress-streams=n is specified, this overrides the default behavior\n"
-        << "of qpdf, which is to attempt compress uncompressed streams. Setting\n"
-        << "stream data mode to uncompress or preserve has the same effect.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --decode-level parameter may be set to one of the following values:\n"
-        << "  none              do not decode streams\n"
-        << "  generalized       decode streams compressed with generalized filters\n"
-        << "                    including LZW, Flate, and the ASCII encoding filters.\n"
-        << "  specialized       additionally decode streams with non-lossy specialized\n"
-        << "                    filters including RunLength\n"
-        << "  all               additionally decode streams with lossy filters\n"
-        << "                    including DCT (JPEG)\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "In qdf mode, by default, content normalization is turned on, and the\n"
-        << "stream data mode is set to uncompress. QDF mode does not support\n"
-        << "linearized files. The --linearize flag disables qdf mode.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Setting the minimum PDF version of the output file may raise the version\n"
-        << "but will never lower it.  Forcing the PDF version of the output file may\n"
-        << "set the PDF version to a lower value than actually allowed by the file's\n"
-        << "contents.  You should only do this if you have no other possible way to\n"
-        << "open the file or if you know that the file definitely doesn't include\n"
-        << "features not supported later versions.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Testing, Inspection, and Debugging Options\n"
-        << "------------------------------------------\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "These options can be useful for digging into PDF files or for use in\n"
-        << "automated test suites for software that uses the qpdf library.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "--deterministic-id        generate deterministic /ID\n"
-        << "--static-id               generate static /ID: FOR TESTING ONLY!\n"
-        << "--static-aes-iv           use a static initialization vector for AES-CBC\n"
-        << "                          This is option is not secure!  FOR TESTING ONLY!\n"
-        << "--no-original-object-ids  suppress original object ID comments in qdf mode\n"
-        << "--show-encryption         quickly show encryption parameters\n"
-        << "--show-encryption-key     when showing encryption, reveal the actual key\n"
-        << "--check-linearization     check file integrity and linearization status\n"
-        << "--show-linearization      check and show all linearization data\n"
-        << "--show-xref               show the contents of the cross-reference table\n"
-        << "--show-object=trailer|obj[,gen]\n"
-        << "                          show the contents of the given object\n"
-        << "  --raw-stream-data       show raw stream data instead of object contents\n"
-        << "  --filtered-stream-data  show filtered stream data instead of object contents\n"
-        << "--show-npages             print the number of pages in the file\n"
-        << "--show-pages              shows the object/generation number for each page\n"
-        << "  --with-images           also shows the object IDs for images on each page\n"
-        << "--check                   check file structure + encryption, linearization\n"
-        << "--json                    generate a json representation of the file\n"
-        << "--json-help               describe the format of the json representation\n"
-        << "--json-key=key            repeatable; prune json structure to include only\n"
-        << "                          specified keys. If absent, all keys are shown\n"
-        << "--json-object=trailer|[obj,gen]\n"
-        << "                          repeatable; include only specified objects in the\n"
-        << "                          \"objects\" section of the json. If absent, all\n"
-        << "                          objects are shown\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The json representation generated by qpdf is designed to facilitate\n"
-        << "processing of qpdf from other programming languages that have a hard\n"
-        << "time calling C++ APIs. Run qpdf --json-help for details on the format.\n"
-        << "The manual has more in-depth information about the json representation\n"
-        << "and certain compatibility guarantees that qpdf provides.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "The --raw-stream-data and --filtered-stream-data options are ignored\n"
-        << "unless --show-object is given.  Either of these options will cause the\n"
-        << "stream data to be written to standard output.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "If --filtered-stream-data is given and --normalize-content=y is also\n"
-        << "given, qpdf will attempt to normalize the stream data as if it is a\n"
-        << "page content stream.  This attempt will be made even if it is not a\n"
-        << "page content stream, in which case it will produce unusable results.\n"
-        << "\n"
-        << "Ordinarily, qpdf exits with a status of 0 on success or a status of 2\n"
-        << "if any errors occurred.  If there were warnings but not errors, qpdf\n"
-        << "exits with a status of 3. If warnings would have been issued but --no-warn\n"
-        << "was given, an exit status of 3 is still used. If you want qpdf to exit\n"
-        << "with status 0 when there are warnings, use the --warning-exit-0 flag.\n"
-        << "When --no-warn and --warning-exit-0 are used together, the effect is for\n"
-        << "qpdf to completely ignore warnings.  qpdf does not use exit status 1,\n"
-        << "since that is used by the shell if it can't execute qpdf.\n";
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argJsonHelp()
-{
-    // Make sure the output looks right on an 80-column display.
-    //               1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
-    //      12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
-    std::cout
-        << "The json block below contains the same structure with the same keys as the"
-        << std::endl
-        << "json generated by qpdf. In the block below, the values are descriptions of"
-        << std::endl
-        << "the meanings of those entries. The specific contract guaranteed by qpdf in"
-        << std::endl
-        << "its json representation is explained in more detail in the manual. You can"
-        << std::endl
-        << "specify a subset of top-level keys when you invoke qpdf, but the \"version\""
-        << std::endl
-        << "and \"parameters\" keys will always be present. Note that the \"encrypt\""
-        << std::endl
-        << "key's values will be populated for non-encrypted files. Some values will"
-        << std::endl
-        << "be null, and others will have values that apply to unencrypted files."
-        << std::endl
-        << QPDFJob::json_schema().unparse()
-        << std::endl;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowCrypto()
-{
-    auto crypto = QPDFCryptoProvider::getRegisteredImpls();
-    std::string default_crypto = QPDFCryptoProvider::getDefaultProvider();
-    std::cout << default_crypto << std::endl;
-    for (auto const& iter: crypto)
-    {
-        if (iter != default_crypto)
-        {
-            std::cout << iter << std::endl;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPassword(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.password = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPasswordFile(char* parameter)
-{
-    std::list<std::string> lines;
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "-") == 0)
-    {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf password stdin");
-        lines = QUtil::read_lines_from_file(std::cin);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf password file");
-        lines = QUtil::read_lines_from_file(parameter);
-    }
-    if (lines.size() >= 1)
-    {
-        // Make sure the memory for this stays in scope.
-        o.password_alloc = std::shared_ptr<char>(
-            QUtil::copy_string(lines.front().c_str()),
-            std::default_delete<char[]>());
-        o.password = o.password_alloc.get();
-
-        if (lines.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::cerr << whoami << ": WARNING: all but the first line of"
-                      << " the password file are ignored" << std::endl;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEmpty()
-{
-    o.infilename = "";
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argLinearize()
-{
-    o.linearize = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEncrypt()
-{
-    this->accumulated_args.clear();
-    if (this->ap.isCompleting() && this->ap.argsLeft() == 0)
-    {
-        this->ap.insertCompletion("user-password");
-    }
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEncryptPositional(char* arg)
-{
-    this->accumulated_args.push_back(arg);
-    size_t n_args = this->accumulated_args.size();
-    if (n_args < 3)
-    {
-        if (this->ap.isCompleting() && (this->ap.argsLeft() == 0))
-        {
-            if (n_args == 1)
-            {
-                this->ap.insertCompletion("owner-password");
-            }
-            else if (n_args == 2)
-            {
-                this->ap.insertCompletion("40");
-                this->ap.insertCompletion("128");
-                this->ap.insertCompletion("256");
-            }
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-    o.user_password = this->accumulated_args.at(0);
-    o.owner_password = this->accumulated_args.at(1);
-    std::string len_str = this->accumulated_args.at(2);
-    if (len_str == "40")
-    {
-	o.keylen = 40;
-        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_40);
-    }
-    else if (len_str == "128")
-    {
-	o.keylen = 128;
-        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_128);
-    }
-    else if (len_str == "256")
-    {
-	o.keylen = 256;
-        o.use_aes = true;
-        this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ENCRYPT_256);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	usage("encryption key length must be 40, 128, or 256");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argDecrypt()
-{
-    o.decrypt = true;
-    o.encrypt = false;
-    o.copy_encryption = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPasswordIsHexKey()
-{
-    o.password_is_hex_key = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argSuppressPasswordRecovery()
-{
-    o.suppress_password_recovery = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPasswordMode(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "bytes") == 0)
-    {
-        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_bytes;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "hex-bytes") == 0)
-    {
-        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_hex_bytes;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "unicode") == 0)
-    {
-        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_unicode;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "auto") == 0)
-    {
-        o.password_mode = QPDFJob::pm_auto;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usage("invalid password-mode option");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAllowInsecure()
-{
-    o.allow_insecure = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAllowWeakCrypto()
-{
-    o.allow_weak_crypto = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCopyEncryption(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.encryption_file = parameter;
-    o.copy_encryption = true;
-    o.encrypt = false;
-    o.decrypt = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEncryptionFilePassword(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.encryption_file_password = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCollate(char* parameter)
-{
-    auto n = ((parameter == 0) ? 1 :
-              QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter));
-    o.collate = QIntC::to_size(n);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPages()
-{
-    if (! o.page_specs.empty())
-    {
-        usage("the --pages may only be specified one time");
-    }
-    this->accumulated_args.clear();
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_PAGES);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPagesPassword(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (this->pages_password != nullptr)
-    {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf duplicated pages password");
-        usage("--password already specified for this file");
-    }
-    if (this->accumulated_args.size() != 1)
-    {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf misplaced pages password");
-        usage("in --pages, --password must immediately follow a file name");
-    }
-    this->pages_password = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPagesPositional(char* arg)
-{
-    if (arg == nullptr)
-    {
-        if (this->accumulated_args.empty())
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        this->accumulated_args.push_back(arg);
-    }
-
-    char const* file = this->accumulated_args.at(0);
-    char const* range = nullptr;
-
-    size_t n_args = this->accumulated_args.size();
-    if (n_args >= 2)
-    {
-        range = this->accumulated_args.at(1);
-    }
-
-    // See if the user omitted the range entirely, in which case we
-    // assume "1-z".
-    char* next_file = nullptr;
-    if (range == nullptr)
-    {
-        if (arg == nullptr)
-        {
-            // The filename or password was the last argument
-            QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted at end",
-                    this->pages_password == nullptr ? 0 : 1);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // We need to accumulate some more arguments
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            parseNumrange(range, 0, true);
-        }
-        catch (std::runtime_error& e1)
-        {
-            // The range is invalid.  Let's see if it's a file.
-            if (strcmp(range, ".") == 0)
-            {
-                // "." means the input file.
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted with .");
-            }
-            else if (QUtil::file_can_be_opened(range))
-            {
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf pages range omitted in middle");
-                // Yup, it's a file.
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Give the range error
-                usage(e1.what());
-            }
-            next_file = const_cast<char*>(range);
-            range = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    if (range == nullptr)
-    {
-        range = "1-z";
-    }
-    o.page_specs.push_back(QPDFJob::PageSpec(file, this->pages_password, range));
-    this->accumulated_args.clear();
-    this->pages_password = nullptr;
-    if (next_file != nullptr)
-    {
-        this->accumulated_args.push_back(next_file);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEndPages()
-{
-    argPagesPositional(nullptr);
-    if (o.page_specs.empty())
-    {
-        usage("--pages: no page specifications given");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUnderlay()
-{
-    parseUnderOverlayOptions(&o.underlay);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argOverlay()
-{
-    parseUnderOverlayOptions(&o.overlay);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRotate(char* parameter)
-{
-    parseRotationParameter(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argFlattenRotation()
-{
-    o.flatten_rotation = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argListAttachments()
-{
-    o.list_attachments = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowAttachment(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachment_to_show = parameter;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRemoveAttachment(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_remove.push_back(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAddAttachment()
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.push_back(QPDFJob::AddAttachment());
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_ATTACHMENT);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCopyAttachments()
-{
-    o.attachments_to_copy.push_back(QPDFJob::CopyAttachmentFrom());
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_COPY_ATTACHMENT);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argStreamData(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.stream_data_set = true;
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "compress") == 0)
-    {
-        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_compress;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "preserve") == 0)
-    {
-        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_preserve;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "uncompress") == 0)
-    {
-        o.stream_data_mode = qpdf_s_uncompress;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // If this happens, it means streamDataChoices in
-        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
-        usage("invalid stream-data option");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCompressStreams(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.compress_streams_set = true;
-    o.compress_streams = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRecompressFlate()
-{
-    o.recompress_flate_set = true;
-    o.recompress_flate = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCompressionLevel(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.compression_level = QUtil::string_to_int(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argDecodeLevel(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.decode_level_set = true;
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
-    {
-        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_none;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "generalized") == 0)
-    {
-        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_generalized;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "specialized") == 0)
-    {
-        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_specialized;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "all") == 0)
-    {
-        o.decode_level = qpdf_dl_all;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // If this happens, it means decodeLevelChoices in
-        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
-        usage("invalid option");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argNormalizeContent(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.normalize_set = true;
-    o.normalize = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argSuppressRecovery()
-{
-    o.suppress_recovery = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argObjectStreams(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.object_stream_set = true;
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "disable") == 0)
-    {
-        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_disable;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "preserve") == 0)
-    {
-        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_preserve;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "generate") == 0)
-    {
-        o.object_stream_mode = qpdf_o_generate;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // If this happens, it means objectStreamsChoices in
-        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
-        usage("invalid object stream mode");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argIgnoreXrefStreams()
-{
-    o.ignore_xref_streams = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argQdf()
-{
-    o.qdf_mode = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferenced()
-{
-    o.preserve_unreferenced_objects = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argPreserveUnreferencedResources()
-{
-    o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_no;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRemoveUnreferencedResources(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "auto") == 0)
-    {
-        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_auto;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "yes") == 0)
-    {
-        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_yes;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "no") == 0)
-    {
-        o.remove_unreferenced_page_resources = QPDFJob::re_no;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // If this happens, it means remove_unref_choices in
-        // ArgParser::initOptionTable is wrong.
-        usage("invalid value for --remove-unreferenced-page-resources");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpen(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.keep_files_open_set = true;
-    o.keep_files_open = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argKeepFilesOpenThreshold(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.keep_files_open_threshold = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argNewlineBeforeEndstream()
-{
-    o.newline_before_endstream = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argLinearizePass1(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.linearize_pass1 = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCoalesceContents()
-{
-    o.coalesce_contents = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argFlattenAnnotations(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.flatten_annotations = true;
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "screen") == 0)
-    {
-        o.flatten_annotations_forbidden |= an_no_view;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "print") == 0)
-    {
-        o.flatten_annotations_required |= an_print;
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argGenerateAppearances()
-{
-    o.generate_appearances = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argMinVersion(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.min_version = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argForceVersion(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.force_version = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argSplitPages(char* parameter)
-{
-    int n = ((parameter == 0) ? 1 :
-             QUtil::string_to_int(parameter));
-    o.split_pages = n;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argVerbose()
-{
-    o.verbose = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argProgress()
-{
-    o.progress = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argNoWarn()
-{
-    o.suppress_warnings = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argWarningExitZero()
-{
-    ::EXIT_WARNING = 0;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argDeterministicId()
-{
-    o.deterministic_id = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argStaticId()
-{
-    o.static_id = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argStaticAesIv()
-{
-    o.static_aes_iv = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argNoOriginalObjectIds()
-{
-    o.suppress_original_object_id = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowEncryption()
-{
-    o.show_encryption = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowEncryptionKey()
-{
-    o.show_encryption_key = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCheckLinearization()
-{
-    o.check_linearization = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowLinearization()
-{
-    o.show_linearization = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowXref()
-{
-    o.show_xref = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowObject(char* parameter)
-{
-    QPDFJob::parse_object_id(parameter, o.show_trailer, o.show_obj, o.show_gen);
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRawStreamData()
-{
-    o.show_raw_stream_data = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argFilteredStreamData()
-{
-    o.show_filtered_stream_data = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowNpages()
-{
-    o.show_npages = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argShowPages()
-{
-    o.show_pages = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argWithImages()
-{
-    o.show_page_images = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argJson()
-{
-    o.json = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argJsonKey(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.json_keys.insert(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argJsonObject(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.json_objects.insert(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argCheck()
-{
-    o.check = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argOptimizeImages()
-{
-    o.optimize_images = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argExternalizeInlineImages()
-{
-    o.externalize_inline_images = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argKeepInlineImages()
-{
-    o.keep_inline_images = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRemovePageLabels()
-{
-    o.remove_page_labels = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argOiMinWidth(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.oi_min_width = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argOiMinHeight(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.oi_min_height = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argOiMinArea(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.oi_min_area = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argIiMinBytes(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.ii_min_bytes = QUtil::string_to_uint(parameter);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg40Print(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r2_print = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg40Modify(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r2_modify = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg40Extract(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r2_extract = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg40Annotate(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r2_annotate = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Accessibility(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_accessibility = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Extract(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_extract = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Print(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "full") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_full;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "low") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_low;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_print = qpdf_r3p_none;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usage("invalid print option");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Modify(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strcmp(parameter, "all") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_assemble = true;
-        o.r3_annotate_and_form = true;
-        o.r3_form_filling = true;
-        o.r3_modify_other = true;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "annotate") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_assemble = true;
-        o.r3_annotate_and_form = true;
-        o.r3_form_filling = true;
-        o.r3_modify_other = false;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "form") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_assemble = true;
-        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
-        o.r3_form_filling = true;
-        o.r3_modify_other = false;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "assembly") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_assemble = true;
-        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
-        o.r3_form_filling = false;
-        o.r3_modify_other = false;
-    }
-    else if (strcmp(parameter, "none") == 0)
-    {
-        o.r3_assemble = false;
-        o.r3_annotate_and_form = false;
-        o.r3_form_filling = false;
-        o.r3_modify_other = false;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usage("invalid modify option");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128ClearTextMetadata()
-{
-    o.cleartext_metadata = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Assemble(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_assemble = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Annotate(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_annotate_and_form = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128Form(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_form_filling = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128ModOther(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.r3_modify_other = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128UseAes(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.use_aes = (strcmp(parameter, "y") == 0);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg128ForceV4()
-{
-    o.force_V4 = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::arg256ForceR5()
-{
-    o.force_R5 = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEndEncrypt()
-{
-    o.encrypt = true;
-    o.decrypt = false;
-    o.copy_encryption = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUOpositional(char* arg)
-{
-    if (o.under_overlay->filename)
-    {
-        usage(o.under_overlay->which + " file already specified");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        o.under_overlay->filename = arg;
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUOto(char* parameter)
-{
-    parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
-    o.under_overlay->to_nr = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUOfrom(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strlen(parameter))
-    {
-        parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
-    }
-    o.under_overlay->from_nr = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUOrepeat(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strlen(parameter))
-    {
-        parseNumrange(parameter, 0);
-    }
-    o.under_overlay->repeat_nr = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argUOpassword(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.under_overlay->password = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEndUnderOverlay()
-{
-    if (0 == o.under_overlay->filename)
-    {
-        usage(o.under_overlay->which + " file not specified");
-    }
-    o.under_overlay = 0;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argReplaceInput()
-{
-    o.replace_input = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argIsEncrypted()
-{
-    o.check_is_encrypted = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argRequiresPassword()
-{
-    o.check_requires_password = true;
-    o.require_outfile = false;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAApositional(char* arg)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().path = arg;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAAKey(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().key = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAAFilename(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().filename = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAACreationDate(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (! QUtil::pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(parameter))
-    {
-        usage(std::string(parameter) + " is not a valid PDF timestamp");
-    }
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().creationdate = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAAModDate(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (! QUtil::pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(parameter))
-    {
-        usage(std::string(parameter) + " is not a valid PDF timestamp");
-    }
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().moddate = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAAMimeType(char* parameter)
-{
-    if (strchr(parameter, '/') == nullptr)
-    {
-        usage("mime type should be specified as type/subtype");
-    }
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().mimetype = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAADescription(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().description = parameter;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argAAReplace()
-{
-    o.attachments_to_add.back().replace = true;
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::argEndAddAttachment()
-{
-    static std::string now = QUtil::qpdf_time_to_pdf_time(
-        QUtil::get_current_qpdf_time());
-    auto& cur = o.attachments_to_add.back();
-    if (cur.path.empty())
-    {
-        usage("add attachment: no path specified");
-    }
-    std::string last_element = QUtil::path_basename(cur.path);
-    if (last_element.empty())
-    {
-        usage("path for --add-attachment may not be empty");
-    }
-    if (cur.filename.empty())
-    {
-        cur.filename = last_element;
-    }
-    if (cur.key.empty())
-    {
-        cur.key = last_element;
-    }
-    if (cur.creationdate.empty())
-    {
-        cur.creationdate = now;
-    }
-    if (cur.moddate.empty())
-    {
-        cur.moddate = now;
-    }
-}
+#include <qpdf/QPDFJob.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QTC.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QUtil.hh>
-void
-ArgParser::argCApositional(char* arg)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_copy.back().path = arg;
-}
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
-void
-ArgParser::argCAprefix(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_copy.back().prefix = parameter;
-}
+static int constexpr EXIT_ERROR = 2;
+static int constexpr EXIT_WARNING = 3;
-void
-ArgParser::argCApassword(char* parameter)
-{
-    o.attachments_to_copy.back().password = parameter;
-}
+// For is-encrypted and requires-password
+static int constexpr EXIT_IS_NOT_ENCRYPTED = 2;
+static int constexpr EXIT_CORRECT_PASSWORD = 3;
-void
-ArgParser::argEndCopyAttachments()
-{
-    if (o.attachments_to_copy.back().path.empty())
-    {
-        usage("copy attachments: no path specified");
-    }
-}
+static char const* whoami = 0;
-void usageExit(std::string const& msg)
+static void usageExit(std::string const& msg)
 {
     std::cerr
 	<< std::endl
 	<< whoami << ": " << msg << std::endl
 	<< std::endl
-	<< "Usage: " << whoami << " [options] {infile | --empty} [page_selection_options] outfile" << std::endl
 	<< "For detailed help, run " << whoami << " --help" << std::endl
 	<< std::endl;
-    exit(EXIT_ERROR);           // QXXXQ
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::usage(std::string const& message)
-{
-    if (this->ap.isCompleting())
-    {
-        // This will cause bash to fall back to regular file completion.
-        exit(0);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usageExit(message);
-    }
-}
-
-std::vector<int>
-ArgParser::parseNumrange(char const* range, int max, bool throw_error)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        return QUtil::parse_numrange(range, max);
-    }
-    catch (std::runtime_error& e)
-    {
-        if (throw_error)
-        {
-            throw(e);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            usage(e.what());
-        }
-    }
-    return std::vector<int>();
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::parseUnderOverlayOptions(QPDFJob::UnderOverlay* uo)
-{
-    o.under_overlay = uo;
-    this->ap.selectOptionTable(O_UNDER_OVERLAY);
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::parseRotationParameter(std::string const& parameter)
-{
-    std::string angle_str;
-    std::string range;
-    size_t colon = parameter.find(':');
-    int relative = 0;
-    if (colon != std::string::npos)
-    {
-        if (colon > 0)
-        {
-            angle_str = parameter.substr(0, colon);
-        }
-        if (colon + 1 < parameter.length())
-        {
-            range = parameter.substr(colon + 1);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        angle_str = parameter;
-    }
-    if (angle_str.length() > 0)
-    {
-        char first = angle_str.at(0);
-        if ((first == '+') || (first == '-'))
-        {
-            relative = ((first == '+') ? 1 : -1);
-            angle_str = angle_str.substr(1);
-        }
-        else if (! QUtil::is_digit(angle_str.at(0)))
-        {
-            angle_str = "";
-        }
-    }
-    if (range.empty())
-    {
-        range = "1-z";
-    }
-    bool range_valid = false;
-    try
-    {
-        parseNumrange(range.c_str(), 0, true);
-        range_valid = true;
-    }
-    catch (std::runtime_error const&)
-    {
-        // ignore
-    }
-    if (range_valid &&
-        ((angle_str == "0") ||(angle_str == "90") ||
-         (angle_str == "180") || (angle_str == "270")))
-    {
-        int angle = QUtil::string_to_int(angle_str.c_str());
-        if (relative == -1)
-        {
-            angle = -angle;
-        }
-        o.rotations[range] = QPDFJob::RotationSpec(angle, (relative != 0));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        usage("invalid parameter to rotate: " + parameter);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::parseOptions()
-{
-    try
-    {
-        this->ap.parseArgs();
-    }
-    catch (QPDFArgParser::Usage& e)
-    {
-        usage(e.what());
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ArgParser::doFinalChecks()
-{
-    if (o.replace_input)
-    {
-        if (o.outfilename)
-        {
-            usage("--replace-input may not be used when"
-                  " an output file is specified");
-        }
-        else if (o.split_pages)
-        {
-            usage("--split-pages may not be used with --replace-input");
-        }
-    }
-    if (o.infilename == 0)
-    {
-        usage("an input file name is required");
-    }
-    else if (o.require_outfile && (o.outfilename == 0) && (! o.replace_input))
-    {
-        usage("an output file name is required; use - for standard output");
-    }
-    else if ((! o.require_outfile) &&
-             ((o.outfilename != 0) || o.replace_input))
-    {
-        usage("no output file may be given for this option");
-    }
-    if (o.optimize_images && (! o.keep_inline_images))
-    {
-        // QXXXQ this is not a check and doesn't belong here
-        o.externalize_inline_images = true;
-    }
-    if (o.check_requires_password && o.check_is_encrypted)
-    {
-        usage("--requires-password and --is-encrypted may not be given"
-              " together");
-    }
-
-    if (o.encrypt && (! o.allow_insecure) &&
-        (o.owner_password.empty() &&
-         (! o.user_password.empty()) &&
-         (o.keylen == 256)))
-    {
-        // Note that empty owner passwords for R < 5 are copied from
-        // the user password, so this lack of security is not an issue
-        // for those files. Also we are consider only the ability to
-        // open the file without a password to be insecure. We are not
-        // concerned about whether the viewer enforces security
-        // settings when the user and owner password match.
-        usage("A PDF with a non-empty user password and an empty owner"
-              " password encrypted with a 256-bit key is insecure as it"
-              " can be opened without a password. If you really want to"
-              " do this, you must also give the --allow-insecure option"
-              " before the -- that follows --encrypt.");
-    }
-
-    if (o.require_outfile && o.outfilename &&
-        (strcmp(o.outfilename, "-") == 0))
-    {
-        if (o.split_pages)
-        {
-            usage("--split-pages may not be used when"
-                  " writing to standard output");
-        }
-        if (o.verbose)     // QXXXQ
-        {
-            usage("--verbose may not be used when"
-                  " writing to standard output");
-        }
-        if (o.progress)
-        {
-            usage("--progress may not be used when"
-                  " writing to standard output");
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((! o.split_pages) && QUtil::same_file(o.infilename, o.outfilename))
-    {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "qpdf same file error");
-        usage("input file and output file are the same;"
-              " use --replace-input to intentionally overwrite the input file");
-    }
+    exit(EXIT_ERROR);
 }
 int realmain(int argc, char* argv[])
@@ -2404,27 +38,25 @@ int realmain(int argc, char* argv[])
 	whoami += 3;
     }
-    // ArgParser must stay in scope for the duration of qpdf's run as
-    // it holds dynamic memory used for argv.
     QPDFJob j;
-    j.setMessagePrefix(whoami);
-    ArgParser ap(argc, argv, j);
     bool errors = false;
     try
     {
-        ap.parseOptions();
+        j.initializeFromArgv(argc, argv);
         j.run();
     }
+    catch (QPDFArgParser::Usage& e)
+    {
+        usageExit(e.what());
+    }
     catch (std::exception& e)
     {
 	std::cerr << whoami << ": " << e.what() << std::endl;
 	errors = true;
     }
-    // QXXXQ
     bool warnings = j.hasWarnings();
-
     if (warnings)
     {
         if (! j.suppressWarnings())
@@ -2442,7 +74,12 @@ int realmain(int argc, char* argv[])
             }
         }
         // Still return with warning code even if warnings were
-        // suppressed, so leave warnings == true.
+        // suppressed, so leave warnings == true unless we've been
+        // specifically instructed to do otherwise.
+        if (j.warningsExitZero())
+        {
+            warnings = false;
+        }
     }
     unsigned long encryption_status = j.getEncryptionStatus();
 qpdf: --split-pages may not be used when writing to standard output
-Usage: qpdf [options] {infile | --empty} [page_selection_options] outfile
 For detailed help, run qpdf --help