Merge pull request #979 from m-holger/const

In FUTURE make various QPDFObjectHandle methods const

Merge pull request #979 from m-holger/const
In FUTURE make various QPDFObjectHandle methods const
m-holger · GitHub
2 parents 5be057ca 6ad16cd1
Showing 10 changed files with 2256 additions and 176 deletions
include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
include/qpdf/QPDFObjectHandle.hh
include/qpdf/QPDFObjectHandle_future.hh
libqpdf/QPDF.cc
libqpdf/QPDFObject.cc
libqpdf/QPDFObjectHandle.cc
libqpdf/QPDF_Array.cc
libqpdf/QPDF_Unresolved.cc
libqpdf/qpdf/QPDFObject_private.hh
libqpdf/qpdf/QPDF_Unresolved.hh
@@ -796,12 +796,13 @@ class QPDF
     class Resolver
     {
         friend class QPDFObject;
+        friend class QPDF_Unresolved;
       private:
-        static void
-        resolve(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFObjGen const& og)
+        static QPDFObject*
+        resolved(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFObjGen og)
         {
-            qpdf->resolve(og);
+            return qpdf->resolve(og);
         }
     };
@@ -1061,7 +1062,7 @@ class QPDF
         QPDFObjGen exp_og,
         QPDFObjGen& og,
         bool skip_cache_if_in_xref);
-    void resolve(QPDFObjGen og);
+    QPDFObject* resolve(QPDFObjGen og);
     void resolveObjectsInStream(int obj_stream_number);
     void stopOnError(std::string const& message);
     QPDFObjectHandle reserveObjectIfNotExists(QPDFObjGen const& og);
@@ -22,23 +22,27 @@
 #ifndef QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_HH
 #define QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_HH
-#include <qpdf/Constants.h>
-#include <qpdf/DLL.h>
-#include <qpdf/Types.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <map>
-#include <memory>
-#include <set>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <qpdf/Buffer.hh>
-#include <qpdf/InputSource.hh>
-#include <qpdf/JSON.hh>
-#include <qpdf/PointerHolder.hh> // unused -- remove in qpdf 12 (see #785)
-#include <qpdf/QPDFObjGen.hh>
-#include <qpdf/QPDFTokenizer.hh>
+#ifdef QPDF_FUTURE
+# include <qpdf/QPDFObjectHandle_future.hh>
+#else
+
+# include <qpdf/Constants.h>
+# include <qpdf/DLL.h>
+# include <qpdf/Types.h>
+
+# include <functional>
+# include <map>
+# include <memory>
+# include <set>
+# include <string>
+# include <vector>
+
+# include <qpdf/Buffer.hh>
+# include <qpdf/InputSource.hh>
+# include <qpdf/JSON.hh>
+# include <qpdf/PointerHolder.hh> // unused -- remove in qpdf 12 (see #785)
+# include <qpdf/QPDFObjGen.hh>
+# include <qpdf/QPDFTokenizer.hh>
 class Pipeline;
 class QPDF;
@@ -291,13 +295,6 @@ class QPDFObjectHandle
     QPDF_DLL
     QPDFObjectHandle& operator=(QPDFObjectHandle const&) = default;
-#ifdef QPDF_FUTURE
-    QPDF_DLL
-    QPDFObjectHandle(QPDFObjectHandle&&) = default;
-    QPDF_DLL
-    QPDFObjectHandle& operator=(QPDFObjectHandle&&) = default;
-#endif
-
     QPDF_DLL
     inline bool isInitialized() const;
@@ -1363,24 +1360,23 @@ class QPDFObjectHandle
     void writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p, bool dereference_indirect = false);
   private:
-    QPDF_Array* asArray();
-    QPDF_Bool* asBool();
-    QPDF_Dictionary* asDictionary();
-    QPDF_InlineImage* asInlineImage();
-    QPDF_Integer* asInteger();
-    QPDF_Name* asName();
-    QPDF_Null* asNull();
-    QPDF_Operator* asOperator();
-    QPDF_Real* asReal();
-    QPDF_Reserved* asReserved();
-    QPDF_Stream* asStream();
-    QPDF_Stream* asStreamWithAssert();
-    QPDF_String* asString();
-
-    void typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const& warning);
-    void objectWarning(std::string const& warning);
-    void assertType(char const* type_name, bool istype);
-    inline bool dereference();
+    QPDF_Array* asArray() const;
+    QPDF_Bool* asBool() const;
+    QPDF_Dictionary* asDictionary() const;
+    QPDF_InlineImage* asInlineImage() const;
+    QPDF_Integer* asInteger() const;
+    QPDF_Name* asName() const;
+    QPDF_Null* asNull() const;
+    QPDF_Operator* asOperator() const;
+    QPDF_Real* asReal() const;
+    QPDF_Reserved* asReserved() const;
+    QPDF_Stream* asStream() const;
+    QPDF_Stream* asStreamWithAssert() const;
+    QPDF_String* asString() const;
+
+    void typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const& warning) const;
+    void objectWarning(std::string const& warning) const;
+    void assertType(char const* type_name, bool istype) const;
     void makeDirect(QPDFObjGen::set& visited, bool stop_at_streams);
     void disconnect();
     void setParsedOffset(qpdf_offset_t offset);
@@ -1400,7 +1396,7 @@ class QPDFObjectHandle
     std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject> obj;
 };
-#ifndef QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
+# ifndef QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
 // This is short for QPDFObjectHandle::parse, so you can do
 // auto oh = "<< /Key (value) >>"_qpdf;
@@ -1416,7 +1412,7 @@ QPDF_DLL
 QPDFObjectHandle operator ""_qpdf(char const* v, size_t len);
 /* clang-format on */
-#endif // QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
+# endif // QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
 class QPDFObjectHandle::QPDFDictItems
 {
@@ -1638,4 +1634,5 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isInitialized() const
     return obj != nullptr;
 }
+#endif // QPDF_FUTURE
 #endif // QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_HH
+// Copyright (c) 2005-2024 Jay Berkenbilt
+//
+// This file is part of qpdf.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Versions of qpdf prior to version 7 were released under the terms
+// of version 2.0 of the Artistic License. At your option, you may
+// continue to consider qpdf to be licensed under those terms. Please
+// see the manual for additional information.
+
+#ifndef QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_FUTURE_HH
+#define QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_FUTURE_HH
+
+#include <qpdf/Constants.h>
+#include <qpdf/DLL.h>
+#include <qpdf/Types.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <qpdf/Buffer.hh>
+#include <qpdf/InputSource.hh>
+#include <qpdf/JSON.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFObjGen.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFTokenizer.hh>
+
+class Pipeline;
+class QPDF;
+class QPDF_Array;
+class QPDF_Bool;
+class QPDF_Dictionary;
+class QPDF_InlineImage;
+class QPDF_Integer;
+class QPDF_Name;
+class QPDF_Null;
+class QPDF_Operator;
+class QPDF_Real;
+class QPDF_Reserved;
+class QPDF_Stream;
+class QPDF_String;
+class QPDFObject;
+class QPDFTokenizer;
+class QPDFExc;
+class Pl_QPDFTokenizer;
+class QPDFMatrix;
+class QPDFParser;
+
+class QPDFObjectHandle
+{
+    friend class QPDFParser;
+
+  public:
+    // This class is used by replaceStreamData.  It provides an alternative way of associating
+    // stream data with a stream.  See comments on replaceStreamData and newStream for additional
+    // details.
+    class QPDF_DLL_CLASS StreamDataProvider
+    {
+      public:
+        QPDF_DLL
+        StreamDataProvider(bool supports_retry = false);
+
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~StreamDataProvider();
+        // The implementation of this function must write stream data to the given pipeline. The
+        // stream data must conform to whatever filters are explicitly associated with the stream.
+        // QPDFWriter may, in some cases, add compression, but if it does, it will update the
+        // filters as needed. Every call to provideStreamData for a given stream must write the same
+        // data. Note that, when writing linearized files, qpdf will call your provideStreamData
+        // twice, and if it generates different output, you risk generating invalid output or having
+        // qpdf throw an exception. The object ID and generation passed to this method are those
+        // that belong to the stream on behalf of which the provider is called. They may be ignored
+        // or used by the implementation for indexing or other purposes. This information is made
+        // available just to make it more convenient to use a single StreamDataProvider object to
+        // provide data for multiple streams.
+
+        // A few things to keep in mind:
+        //
+        // * Stream data providers must not modify any objects since   they may be called after some
+        //   parts of the file have already been written.
+        //
+        // * Since qpdf may call provideStreamData multiple times when writing linearized files, if
+        //   the work done by your stream data provider is slow or computationally intensive, you
+        //   might want to implement your own cache.
+        //
+        // * Once you have called replaceStreamData, the original stream data is no longer directly
+        //   accessible from the   stream, but this is easy to work around by copying the stream to
+        //   a separate QPDF object. The qpdf library implements this very efficiently without
+        //   actually making a copy of the stream data. You can find examples of this pattern in
+        //   some of the examples, including pdf-custom-filter.cc and pdf-invert-images.cc.
+
+        // Prior to qpdf 10.0.0, it was not possible to handle errors the way pipeStreamData does or
+        // to pass back success. Starting in qpdf 10.0.0, those capabilities have been added by
+        // allowing an alternative provideStreamData to be implemented. You must implement at least
+        // one of the versions of provideStreamData below. If you implement the version that
+        // supports retry and returns a value, you should pass true as the value of supports_retry
+        // in the base class constructor. This will cause the library to call that version of the
+        // method, which should also return a boolean indicating whether it ran without errors.
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual void provideStreamData(QPDFObjGen const& og, Pipeline* pipeline);
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual bool provideStreamData(
+            QPDFObjGen const& og, Pipeline* pipeline, bool suppress_warnings, bool will_retry);
+        QPDF_DLL virtual void provideStreamData(int objid, int generation, Pipeline* pipeline);
+        QPDF_DLL virtual bool provideStreamData(
+            int objid, int generation, Pipeline* pipeline, bool suppress_warnings, bool will_retry);
+        QPDF_DLL
+        bool supportsRetry();
+
+      private:
+        bool supports_retry;
+    };
+
+    // The TokenFilter class provides a way to filter content streams in a lexically aware fashion.
+    // TokenFilters can be attached to streams using the addTokenFilter or addContentTokenFilter
+    // methods or can be applied on the spot by filterPageContents. You may also use
+    // Pl_QPDFTokenizer directly if you need full control.
+    //
+    // The handleToken method is called for each token, including the eof token, and then handleEOF
+    // is called at the very end. Handlers may call write (or writeToken) to pass data downstream.
+    // Please see examples/pdf-filter-tokens.cc and examples/pdf-count-strings.cc for examples of
+    // using TokenFilters.
+    //
+    // Please note that when you call token.getValue() on a token of type tt_string or tt_name, you
+    // get the canonical, "parsed" representation of the token. For a string, this means that there
+    // are no delimiters, and for a name, it means that all escaping (# followed by two hex digits)
+    // has been resolved. qpdf's internal representation of a name includes the leading slash. As
+    // such, you can't write the value of token.getValue() directly to output that is supposed to be
+    // valid PDF syntax. If you want to do that, you need to call writeToken() instead, or you can
+    // retrieve the token as it appeared in the input with token.getRawValue(). To construct a new
+    // string or name token from a canonical representation, use
+    // QPDFTokenizer::Token(QPDFTokenizer::tt_string, "parsed-str") or
+    // QPDFTokenizer::Token(QPDFTokenizer::tt_name,
+    // "/Canonical-Name"). Tokens created this way won't have a PDF-syntax raw value, but you can
+    // still write them with writeToken(). Example:
+    // writeToken(QPDFTokenizer::Token(QPDFTokenizer::tt_name, "/text/plain"))
+    // would write `/text#2fplain`, and
+    // writeToken(QPDFTokenizer::Token(QPDFTokenizer::tt_string, "a\\(b")) would write `(a\(b)`.
+    class QPDF_DLL_CLASS TokenFilter
+    {
+      public:
+        QPDF_DLL
+        TokenFilter() = default;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~TokenFilter() = default;
+        virtual void handleToken(QPDFTokenizer::Token const&) = 0;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual void handleEOF();
+
+        class PipelineAccessor
+        {
+            friend class Pl_QPDFTokenizer;
+
+          private:
+            static void
+            setPipeline(TokenFilter* f, Pipeline* p)
+            {
+                f->setPipeline(p);
+            }
+        };
+
+      protected:
+        QPDF_DLL
+        void write(char const* data, size_t len);
+        QPDF_DLL
+        void write(std::string const& str);
+        QPDF_DLL
+        void writeToken(QPDFTokenizer::Token const&);
+
+      private:
+        QPDF_DLL_PRIVATE
+        void setPipeline(Pipeline*);
+
+        Pipeline* pipeline;
+    };
+
+    // This class is used by parse to decrypt strings when reading an object that contains encrypted
+    // strings.
+    class StringDecrypter
+    {
+      public:
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~StringDecrypter() = default;
+        virtual void decryptString(std::string& val) = 0;
+    };
+
+    // This class is used by parsePageContents. Callers must instantiate a subclass of this with
+    // handlers defined to accept QPDFObjectHandles that are parsed from the stream.
+    class QPDF_DLL_CLASS ParserCallbacks
+    {
+      public:
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~ParserCallbacks() = default;
+        // One of the handleObject methods must be overridden.
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual void handleObject(QPDFObjectHandle);
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual void handleObject(QPDFObjectHandle, size_t offset, size_t length);
+
+        virtual void handleEOF() = 0;
+
+        // Override this if you want to know the full size of the contents, possibly after
+        // concatenation of multiple streams. This is called before the first call to handleObject.
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual void contentSize(size_t);
+
+      protected:
+        // Implementors may call this method during parsing to terminate parsing early. This method
+        // throws an exception that is caught by parsePageContents, so its effect is immediate.
+        QPDF_DLL
+        void terminateParsing();
+    };
+
+    // Convenience object for rectangles
+    class Rectangle
+    {
+      public:
+        Rectangle() :
+            llx(0.0),
+            lly(0.0),
+            urx(0.0),
+            ury(0.0)
+        {
+        }
+        Rectangle(double llx, double lly, double urx, double ury) :
+            llx(llx),
+            lly(lly),
+            urx(urx),
+            ury(ury)
+        {
+        }
+
+        double llx;
+        double lly;
+        double urx;
+        double ury;
+    };
+
+    // Convenience object for transformation matrices. See also QPDFMatrix. Unfortunately we can't
+    // replace this with QPDFMatrix because QPDFMatrix's default constructor creates the identity
+    // transform matrix and this one is all zeroes.
+    class Matrix
+    {
+      public:
+        Matrix() :
+            a(0.0),
+            b(0.0),
+            c(0.0),
+            d(0.0),
+            e(0.0),
+            f(0.0)
+        {
+        }
+        Matrix(double a, double b, double c, double d, double e, double f) :
+            a(a),
+            b(b),
+            c(c),
+            d(d),
+            e(e),
+            f(f)
+        {
+        }
+
+        double a;
+        double b;
+        double c;
+        double d;
+        double e;
+        double f;
+    };
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle() = default;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle(QPDFObjectHandle const&) = default;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle& operator=(QPDFObjectHandle const&) = default;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle(QPDFObjectHandle&&) = default;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle& operator=(QPDFObjectHandle&&) = default;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    inline bool isInitialized() const noexcept;
+
+    // This method returns true if the QPDFObjectHandle objects point to exactly the same underlying
+    // object, meaning that changes to one are reflected in the other, or "if you paint one, the
+    // other one changes color." This does not perform a structural comparison of the contents of
+    // the objects.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isSameObjectAs(QPDFObjectHandle const&) const noexcept;
+
+    // Return type code and type name of underlying object.  These are useful for doing rapid type
+    // tests (like switch statements) or for testing and debugging.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    qpdf_object_type_e getTypeCode() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    char const* getTypeName() const;
+
+    // Exactly one of these will return true for any initialized object. Operator and InlineImage
+    // are only allowed in content streams.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isBool() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isNull() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isInteger() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isReal() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isName() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isString() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isOperator() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isInlineImage() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isArray() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isDictionary() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isStream() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isReserved() const;
+
+    // True for objects that are direct nulls. Does not attempt to resolve objects. This is intended
+    // for internal use, but it can be used as an efficient way to check for nulls that are not
+    // indirect objects.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isDirectNull() const;
+
+    // This returns true in addition to the query for the specific type for indirect objects.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    inline bool isIndirect() const;
+
+    // This returns true for indirect objects from a QPDF that has been destroyed. Trying unparse
+    // such an object will throw a logic_error.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isDestroyed() const;
+
+    // True for everything except array, dictionary, stream, word, and inline image.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isScalar() const;
+
+    // True if the object is a name object representing the provided name.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isNameAndEquals(std::string const& name) const;
+
+    // True if the object is a dictionary of the specified type and subtype, if any.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isDictionaryOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype = "") const;
+
+    // True if the object is a stream of the specified type and subtype, if any.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isStreamOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype = "") const;
+
+    // Public factory methods
+
+    // Wrap an object in an array if it is not already an array. This is a helper for cases in which
+    // something in a PDF may either be a single item or an array of items, which is a common idiom.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle wrapInArray();
+
+    // Construct an object of any type from a string representation of the object.  Throws QPDFExc
+    // with an empty filename and an offset into the string if there is an error.  Any indirect
+    // object syntax (obj gen R) will cause a logic_error exception to be thrown.  If
+    // object_description is provided, it will appear in the message of any QPDFExc exception thrown
+    // for invalid syntax. See also the global `operator ""_qpdf` defined below.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle
+    parse(std::string const& object_str, std::string const& object_description = "");
+
+    // Construct an object of any type from a string representation of the object. Indirect object
+    // syntax (obj gen R) is allowed and will create indirect references within the passed-in
+    // context. If object_description is provided, it will appear in the message of any QPDFExc
+    // exception thrown for invalid syntax. Note that you can't parse an indirect object reference
+    // all by itself as parse will stop at the end of the first complete object, which will just be
+    // the first number and will report that there is trailing data at the end of the string.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle
+    parse(QPDF* context, std::string const& object_str, std::string const& object_description = "");
+
+    // Construct an object as above by reading from the given InputSource at its current position
+    // and using the tokenizer you supply.  Indirect objects and encrypted strings are permitted.
+    // This method was intended to be called by QPDF for parsing objects that are ready from the
+    // object's input stream.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle parse(
+        std::shared_ptr<InputSource> input,
+        std::string const& object_description,
+        QPDFTokenizer&,
+        bool& empty,
+        StringDecrypter* decrypter,
+        QPDF* context);
+
+    // Return the offset where the object was found when parsed. A negative value means that the
+    // object was created without parsing. If the object is in a stream, the offset is from the
+    // beginning of the stream. Otherwise, the offset is from the beginning of the file.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    qpdf_offset_t getParsedOffset() const;
+
+    // Older method: stream_or_array should be the value of /Contents from a page object. It's more
+    // convenient to just call QPDFPageObjectHelper::parsePageContents on the page object, and error
+    // messages will also be more useful because the page object information will be known.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static void parseContentStream(QPDFObjectHandle stream_or_array, ParserCallbacks* callbacks);
+
+    // When called on a stream or stream array that is some page's content streams, do the same as
+    // pipePageContents. This method is a lower level way to do what
+    // QPDFPageObjectHelper::pipePageContents does, but it allows you to perform this operation on a
+    // contents object that is disconnected from a page object. The description argument should
+    // describe the containing page and is used in error messages. The all_description argument is
+    // initialized to something that could be used to describe the result of the pipeline. It is the
+    // description amended with the identifiers of the underlying objects. Please note that if there
+    // is an array of content streams, p->finish() is called after each stream. If you pass a
+    // pipeline that doesn't allow write() to be called after finish(), you can wrap it in an
+    // instance of Pl_Concatenate and then call manualFinish() on the Pl_Concatenate pipeline at the
+    // end.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void
+    pipeContentStreams(Pipeline* p, std::string const& description, std::string& all_description);
+
+    // As of qpdf 8, it is possible to add custom token filters to a stream. The tokenized stream
+    // data is passed through the token filter after all original filters but before content stream
+    // normalization if requested. This is a low-level interface to add it to a stream. You will
+    // usually want to call QPDFPageObjectHelper::addContentTokenFilter instead, which can be
+    // applied to a page object, and which will automatically handle the case of pages whose
+    // contents are split across multiple streams.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void addTokenFilter(std::shared_ptr<TokenFilter> token_filter);
+
+    // Legacy helpers for parsing content streams. These methods are not going away, but newer code
+    // should call the correspond methods in QPDFPageObjectHelper instead. The specification and
+    // behavior of these methods are the same as the identically named methods in that class, but
+    // newer functionality will be added there.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void parsePageContents(ParserCallbacks* callbacks);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void filterPageContents(TokenFilter* filter, Pipeline* next = nullptr);
+    // See comments for QPDFPageObjectHelper::pipeContents.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void pipePageContents(Pipeline* p);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void addContentTokenFilter(std::shared_ptr<TokenFilter> token_filter);
+    // End legacy content stream helpers
+
+    // Called on a stream to filter the stream as if it were page contents. This can be used to
+    // apply a TokenFilter to a form XObject, whose data is in the same format as a content stream.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void filterAsContents(TokenFilter* filter, Pipeline* next = nullptr);
+    // Called on a stream to parse the stream as page contents. This can be used to parse a form
+    // XObject.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void parseAsContents(ParserCallbacks* callbacks);
+
+    // Type-specific factories
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newNull();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newBool(bool value);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newInteger(long long value);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newReal(std::string const& value);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle
+    newReal(double value, int decimal_places = 0, bool trim_trailing_zeroes = true);
+    // Note about name objects: qpdf's internal representation of a PDF name is a sequence of bytes,
+    // excluding the NUL character, and starting with a slash. Name objects as represented in the
+    // PDF specification can contain characters escaped with #, but such escaping is not of concern
+    // when calling QPDFObjectHandle methods not directly relating to parsing. For example,
+    // newName("/text/plain").getName() and parse("/text#2fplain").getName() both return
+    // "/text/plain", while newName("/text/plain").unparse() and parse("/text#2fplain").unparse()
+    // both return "/text#2fplain". When working with the qpdf API for creating, retrieving, and
+    // modifying objects, you want to work with the internal, canonical representation. For names
+    // containing alphanumeric characters, dashes, and underscores, there is no difference between
+    // the two representations. For a lengthy discussion, see
+    // https://github.com/qpdf/qpdf/discussions/625.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newName(std::string const& name);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newString(std::string const& str);
+    // Create a string encoded from the given utf8-encoded string appropriately encoded to appear in
+    // PDF files outside of content streams, such as in document metadata form field values, page
+    // labels, outlines, and similar locations. We try ASCII first, then PDFDocEncoding, then UTF-16
+    // as needed to successfully encode all the characters.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newUnicodeString(std::string const& utf8_str);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newOperator(std::string const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newInlineImage(std::string const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newArray();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newArray(std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& items);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newArray(Rectangle const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newArray(Matrix const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newArray(QPDFMatrix const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newDictionary();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newDictionary(std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> const& items);
+
+    // Create an array from a rectangle. Equivalent to the rectangle form of newArray.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newFromRectangle(Rectangle const&);
+    // Create an array from a matrix. Equivalent to the matrix form of newArray.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newFromMatrix(Matrix const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newFromMatrix(QPDFMatrix const&);
+
+    // Note: new stream creation methods have were added to the QPDF class starting with
+    // version 11.2.0. The ones in this class are here for backward compatibility.
+
+    // Create a new stream and associate it with the given qpdf object. A subsequent call must be
+    // made to replaceStreamData() to provide data for the stream. The stream's dictionary may be
+    // retrieved by calling getDict(), and the resulting dictionary may be modified. Alternatively,
+    // you can create a new dictionary and call replaceDict to install it. From QPDF 11.2, you can
+    // call QPDF::newStream() instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newStream(QPDF* qpdf);
+
+    // Create a new stream and associate it with the given qpdf object. Use the given buffer as the
+    // stream data. The stream dictionary's /Length key will automatically be set to the size of the
+    // data buffer. If additional keys are required, the stream's dictionary may be retrieved by
+    // calling getDict(), and the resulting dictionary may be modified. This method is just a
+    // convenient wrapper around the newStream() and replaceStreamData(). It is a convenience
+    // methods for streams that require no parameters beyond the stream length. Note that you don't
+    // have to deal with compression yourself if you use QPDFWriter. By default, QPDFWriter will
+    // automatically compress uncompressed stream data. Example programs are provided that
+    // illustrate this. From QPDF 11.2, you can call QPDF::newStream()
+    // instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newStream(QPDF* qpdf, std::shared_ptr<Buffer> data);
+
+    // Create new stream with data from string. This method will create a copy of the data rather
+    // than using the user-provided buffer as in the std::shared_ptr<Buffer> version of newStream.
+    // From QPDF 11.2, you can call QPDF::newStream() instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newStream(QPDF* qpdf, std::string const& data);
+
+    // A reserved object is a special sentinel used for qpdf to reserve a spot for an object that is
+    // going to be added to the QPDF object.  Normally you don't have to use this type since you can
+    // just call QPDF::makeIndirectObject.  However, in some cases, if you have to create objects
+    // with circular references, you may need to create a reserved object so that you can have a
+    // reference to it and then replace the object later.  Reserved objects have the special
+    // property that they can't be resolved to direct objects.  This makes it possible to replace a
+    // reserved object with a new object while preserving existing references to them.  When you are
+    // ready to replace a reserved object with its replacement, use QPDF::replaceReserved for this
+    // purpose rather than the more general QPDF::replaceObject.  It is an error to try to write a
+    // QPDF with QPDFWriter if it has any reserved objects in it. From QPDF 11.4, you can call
+    // QPDF::newReserved() instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    static QPDFObjectHandle newReserved(QPDF* qpdf);
+
+    // Provide an owning qpdf and object description. The library does this automatically with
+    // objects that are read from the input PDF and with objects that are created programmatically
+    // and inserted into the QPDF as a new indirect object. Most end user code will not need to call
+    // this. If an object has an owning qpdf and object description, it enables qpdf to give
+    // warnings with proper context in some cases where it would otherwise raise exceptions. It is
+    // okay to add objects without an owning_qpdf to objects that have one, but it is an error to
+    // have a QPDF contain objects with owning_qpdf set to something else. To add objects from
+    // another qpdf, use copyForeignObject instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void setObjectDescription(QPDF* owning_qpdf, std::string const& object_description);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool hasObjectDescription() const;
+
+    // Accessor methods
+    //
+    // (Note: this comment is referenced in qpdf-c.h and the manual.)
+    //
+    // In PDF files, objects have specific types, but there is nothing that prevents PDF files from
+    // containing objects of types that aren't expected by the specification.
+    //
+    // There are two flavors of accessor methods:
+    //
+    // * getSomethingValue() returns the value and issues a type   warning if the type is incorrect.
+    //
+    // * getValueAsSomething() returns false if the value is the wrong type. Otherwise, it returns
+    //   true and initializes a reference of the appropriate type. These methods never issue type
+    //   warnings.
+    //
+    // The getSomethingValue() accessors and some of the other methods expect objects of a
+    // particular type. Prior to qpdf 8, calling an accessor on a method of the wrong type, such as
+    // trying to get a dictionary key from an array, trying to get the string value of a number,
+    // etc., would throw an exception, but since qpdf 8, qpdf issues a warning and recovers using
+    // the following behavior:
+    //
+    // * Requesting a value of the wrong type (int value from string,   array item from a scalar or
+    //   dictionary, etc.) will return a zero-like value for that type: false for boolean, 0 for
+    //   number, the empty string for string, or the null object for an object handle.
+    //
+    // * Accessing an array item that is out of bounds will return a null object.
+    //
+    // * Attempts to mutate an object of the wrong type (e.g., attempting to add a dictionary key to
+    //   a scalar or array) will be ignored.
+    //
+    // When any of these fallback behaviors are used, qpdf issues a warning. Starting in qpdf 10.5,
+    // these warnings have the error code qpdf_e_object. Prior to 10.5, they had the error code
+    // qpdf_e_damaged_pdf. If the QPDFObjectHandle is associated with a QPDF object (as is the case
+    // for all objects whose origin was a PDF file), the warning is issued using the normal warning
+    // mechanism (as described in QPDF.hh), making it possible to suppress or otherwise detect them.
+    // If the QPDFObjectHandle is not associated with a QPDF object (meaning it was created
+    // programmatically), an exception will be thrown.
+    //
+    // The way to avoid getting any type warnings or exceptions, even when working with malformed
+    // PDF files, is to always check the type of a QPDFObjectHandle before accessing it (for
+    // example, make sure that isString() returns true before calling getStringValue()) and to
+    // always be sure that any array indices are in bounds.
+    //
+    // For additional discussion and rationale for this behavior, see the section in the QPDF manual
+    // entitled "Object Accessor Methods".
+
+    // Methods for bool objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getBoolValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsBool(bool&) const;
+
+    // Methods for integer objects. Note: if an integer value is too big (too far away from zero in
+    // either direction) to fit in the requested return type, the maximum or minimum value for that
+    // return type may be returned. For example, on a system with 32-bit int, a numeric object with
+    // a value of 2^40 (or anything too big for 32 bits) will be returned as INT_MAX.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    long long getIntValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsInt(long long&) const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    int getIntValueAsInt() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsInt(int&) const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    unsigned long long getUIntValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsUInt(unsigned long long&) const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    unsigned int getUIntValueAsUInt() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsUInt(unsigned int&) const;
+
+    // Methods for real objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getRealValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsReal(std::string&) const;
+
+    // Methods that work for both integer and real objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isNumber() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    double getNumericValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsNumber(double&) const;
+
+    // Methods for name objects. The returned name value is in qpdf's canonical form with all
+    // escaping resolved. See comments for newName() for details.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getName() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsName(std::string&) const;
+
+    // Methods for string objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getStringValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsString(std::string&) const;
+
+    // If a string starts with the UTF-16 marker, it is converted from UTF-16 to UTF-8. Otherwise,
+    // it is treated as a string encoded with PDF Doc Encoding. PDF Doc Encoding is identical to
+    // ISO-8859-1 except in the range from 0200 through 0240, where there is a mapping of characters
+    // to Unicode. QPDF versions prior to version 8.0.0 erroneously left characters in that range
+    // unmapped.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getUTF8Value() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsUTF8(std::string&) const;
+
+    // Methods for content stream objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getOperatorValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsOperator(std::string&) const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getInlineImageValue() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getValueAsInlineImage(std::string&) const;
+
+    // Methods for array objects; see also name and array objects.
+
+    // Return an object that enables iteration over members. You can do
+    //
+    // for (auto iter: obj.aitems())
+    // {
+    //     // iter is an array element
+    // }
+    class QPDFArrayItems;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFArrayItems aitems();
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    int getArrayNItems() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle getArrayItem(int n) const;
+    // Note: QPDF arrays internally optimize memory for arrays containing lots of nulls. Calling
+    // getArrayAsVector may cause a lot of memory to be allocated for very large arrays with lots of
+    // nulls.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> getArrayAsVector() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isRectangle() const;
+    // If the array is an array of four numeric values, return as a rectangle. Otherwise, return the
+    // rectangle [0, 0, 0, 0]
+    QPDF_DLL
+    Rectangle getArrayAsRectangle() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isMatrix() const;
+    // If the array is an array of six numeric values, return as a matrix. Otherwise, return the
+    // matrix [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
+    QPDF_DLL
+    Matrix getArrayAsMatrix() const;
+
+    // Methods for dictionary objects. In all dictionary methods, keys are specified/represented as
+    // canonical name strings starting with a leading slash and not containing any PDF syntax
+    // escaping. See comments for getName() for details.
+
+    // Return an object that enables iteration over members. You can do
+    //
+    // for (auto iter: obj.ditems())
+    // {
+    //     // iter.first is the key
+    //     // iter.second is the value
+    // }
+    class QPDFDictItems;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFDictItems ditems();
+
+    // Return true if key is present.  Keys with null values are treated as if they are not present.
+    // This is as per the PDF spec.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool hasKey(std::string const&) const;
+    // Return the value for the key.  If the key is not present, null is returned.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle getKey(std::string const&) const;
+    // If the object is null, return null. Otherwise, call getKey(). This makes it easier to access
+    // lower-level dictionaries, as in
+    // auto font = page.getKeyIfDict("/Resources").getKeyIfDict("/Font");
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle getKeyIfDict(std::string const&) const;
+    // Return all keys.  Keys with null values are treated as if they are not present.  This is as
+    // per the PDF spec.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::set<std::string> getKeys() const;
+    // Return dictionary as a map.  Entries with null values are included.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> getDictAsMap() const;
+
+    // Methods for name and array objects. The name value is in qpdf's canonical form with all
+    // escaping resolved. See comments for newName() for details.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isOrHasName(std::string const&) const;
+
+    // Make all resources in a resource dictionary indirect. This just goes through all entries of
+    // top-level subdictionaries and converts any direct objects to indirect objects. This can be
+    // useful to call before mergeResources if it is going to be called multiple times to prevent
+    // resources from being copied multiple times.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void makeResourcesIndirect(QPDF& owning_qpdf);
+
+    // Merge resource dictionaries. If the "conflicts" parameter is provided, conflicts in
+    // dictionary subitems are resolved, and "conflicts" is initialized to a map such that
+    // conflicts[resource_type][old_key] == [new_key]
+    //
+    // See also makeResourcesIndirect, which can be useful to call before calling this.
+    //
+    // This method does nothing if both this object and the other object are not dictionaries.
+    // Otherwise, it has following behavior, where "object" refers to the object whose method is
+    // invoked, and "other" refers to the argument:
+    //
+    // * For each key in "other" whose value is an array:
+    //   * If "object" does not have that entry, shallow copy it.
+    //   * Otherwise, if "object" has an array in the same place, append to that array any objects
+    //     in "other"'s array that are not already present.
+    // * For each key in "other" whose value is a dictionary:
+    //   * If "object" does not have that entry, shallow copy it.
+    //   * Otherwise, for each key in the subdictionary:
+    //     * If key is not present in "object"'s entry, shallow copy it if direct or just add it if
+    //       indirect.
+    //     * Otherwise, if conflicts are being detected:
+    //       * If there is a key (oldkey) already in the dictionary that points to the same indirect
+    //         destination as key, indicate that key was replaced by oldkey. This would happen if
+    //         these two resource dictionaries have previously been merged.
+    //       * Otherwise pick a new key (newkey) that is unique within the resource dictionary,
+    //         store that in the resource dictionary with key's destination as its destination, and
+    //         indicate that key was replaced by newkey.
+    //
+    // The primary purpose of this method is to facilitate merging of resource dictionaries that are
+    // supposed to have the same scope as each other. For example, this can be used to merge a form
+    // XObject's /Resources dictionary with a form field's /DR or to merge two /DR dictionaries. The
+    // "conflicts" parameter may be previously initialized. This method adds to whatever is already
+    // there, which can be useful when merging with multiple things.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void mergeResources(
+        QPDFObjectHandle other,
+        std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>* conflicts = nullptr);
+
+    // Get all resource names from a resource dictionary. If this object is a dictionary, this
+    // method returns a set of all the keys in all top-level subdictionaries. For resources
+    // dictionaries, this is the collection of names that may be referenced in the content stream.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::set<std::string> getResourceNames() const;
+
+    // Find a unique name within a resource dictionary starting with a given prefix. This method
+    // works by appending a number to the given prefix. It searches starting with min_suffix and
+    // sets min_suffix to selected value upon return. This can be used to increase efficiency if
+    // adding multiple items with the same prefix. (Why doesn't it set min_suffix to the next
+    // number? Well, maybe you aren't going to actually use the name it returns.) If you are calling
+    // this multiple times on the same resource dictionary, you can initialize resource_names by
+    // calling getResourceNames(), incrementally update it as you add resources, and keep passing it
+    // in so that getUniqueResourceName doesn't have to traverse the resource dictionary each time
+    // it's called.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string getUniqueResourceName(
+        std::string const& prefix,
+        int& min_suffix,
+        std::set<std::string>* resource_names = nullptr) const;
+
+    // A QPDFObjectHandle has an owning QPDF if it is associated with ("owned by") a specific QPDF
+    // object. Indirect objects always have an owning QPDF. Direct objects that are read from the
+    // input source will also have an owning QPDF. Programmatically created objects will only have
+    // one if setObjectDescription was called.
+    //
+    // When the QPDF object that owns an object is destroyed, the object is changed into a null, and
+    // its owner is cleared. Therefore you should not retain the value of an owning QPDF beyond the
+    // life of the QPDF. If in doubt, ask for it each time you need it.
+
+    // getOwningQPDF returns a pointer to the owning QPDF is the object has one. Otherwise, it
+    // returns a null pointer. Use this when you are able to handle the case of an object that
+    // doesn't have an owning QPDF.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDF* getOwningQPDF() const;
+    // getQPDF, new in qpdf 11, returns a reference owning QPDF. If there is none, it throws a
+    // runtime_error. Use this when you know the object has to have an owning QPDF, such as when
+    // it's a known indirect object. Since streams are always indirect objects, this method can be
+    // used safely for streams. If error_msg is specified, it will be used at the contents of the
+    // runtime_error if there is now owner.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDF& getQPDF(std::string const& error_msg = "") const;
+
+    // Create a shallow copy of an object as a direct object, but do not traverse across indirect
+    // object boundaries. That means that, for dictionaries and arrays, any keys or items that were
+    // indirect objects will still be indirect objects that point to the same place. In the
+    // strictest sense, this is not a shallow copy because it recursively descends arrays and
+    // dictionaries; it just doesn't cross over indirect objects. See also unsafeShallowCopy(). You
+    // can't copy a stream this way. See copyStream() instead.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle shallowCopy();
+
+    // Create a true shallow copy of an array or dictionary, just copying the immediate items
+    // (array) or keys (dictionary). This is "unsafe" because, if you *modify* any of the items in
+    // the copy, you are modifying the original, which is almost never what you want. However, if
+    // your intention is merely to *replace* top-level items or keys and not to modify lower-level
+    // items in the copy, this method is much faster than shallowCopy().
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle unsafeShallowCopy();
+
+    // Create a copy of this stream. The new stream and the old stream are independent: after the
+    // copy, either the original or the copy's dictionary or data can be modified without affecting
+    // the other. This uses StreamDataProvider internally, so no unnecessary copies of the stream's
+    // data are made. If the source stream's data is already being provided by a StreamDataProvider,
+    // the new stream will use the same one, so you have to make sure your StreamDataProvider can
+    // handle that case. But if you're already using a StreamDataProvider, you probably don't need
+    // to call this method.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle copyStream();
+
+    // Mutator methods.
+
+    // Since qpdf 11: for mutators that may add or remove an item, there are additional versions
+    // whose names contain "AndGet" that return the added or removed item. For example:
+    //
+    //   auto new_dict = dict.replaceKeyAndGetNew(
+    //       "/New", QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary());
+    //
+    //   auto old_value = dict.replaceKeyAndGetOld(
+    //       "/New", "(something)"_qpdf);
+
+    // Recursively copy this object, making it direct. An exception is thrown if a loop is detected.
+    // With allow_streams true, keep indirect object references to streams. Otherwise, throw an
+    // exception if any sub-object is a stream. Note that, when allow_streams is true and a stream
+    // is found, the resulting object is still associated with the containing qpdf. When
+    // allow_streams is false, the object will no longer be connected to the original QPDF object
+    // after this call completes successfully.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void makeDirect(bool allow_streams = false);
+
+    // Mutator methods for array objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void setArrayItem(int, QPDFObjectHandle const&);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void setArrayFromVector(std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& items);
+    // Insert an item before the item at the given position ("at") so that it has that position
+    // after insertion. If "at" is equal to the size of the array, insert the item at the end.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void insertItem(int at, QPDFObjectHandle const& item);
+    // Like insertItem but return the item that was inserted.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle insertItemAndGetNew(int at, QPDFObjectHandle const& item);
+    // Append an item to an array.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void appendItem(QPDFObjectHandle const& item);
+    // Append an item, and return the newly added item.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle appendItemAndGetNew(QPDFObjectHandle const& item);
+    // Remove the item at that position, reducing the size of the array by one.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void eraseItem(int at);
+    // Erase and item and return the item that was removed.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle eraseItemAndGetOld(int at);
+
+    // Mutator methods for dictionary objects
+
+    // Replace value of key, adding it if it does not exist. If value is null, remove the key.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceKey(std::string const& key, QPDFObjectHandle const& value);
+    // Replace value of key and return the value.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle replaceKeyAndGetNew(std::string const& key, QPDFObjectHandle const& value);
+    // Replace value of key and return the old value, or null if the key was previously not present.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle replaceKeyAndGetOld(std::string const& key, QPDFObjectHandle const& value);
+    // Remove key, doing nothing if key does not exist.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void removeKey(std::string const& key);
+    // Remove key and return the old value. If the old value didn't exist, return a null object.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle removeKeyAndGetOld(std::string const& key);
+
+    // ABI: Remove in qpdf 12
+    [[deprecated("use replaceKey -- it does the same thing")]] QPDF_DLL void
+    replaceOrRemoveKey(std::string const& key, QPDFObjectHandle const&);
+
+    // Methods for stream objects
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjectHandle getDict() const;
+
+    // By default, or if true passed, QPDFWriter will attempt to filter a stream based on decode
+    // level, whether compression is enabled, and its ability to filter. Passing false will prevent
+    // QPDFWriter from attempting to filter the stream even if it can. This includes both decoding
+    // and compressing. This makes it possible for you to prevent QPDFWriter from uncompressing and
+    // recompressing a stream that it knows how to operate on for any application-specific reason,
+    // such as that you have already optimized its filtering. Note that this doesn't affect any
+    // other ways to get the stream's data, such as pipeStreamData or getStreamData.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void setFilterOnWrite(bool);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool getFilterOnWrite();
+
+    // If addTokenFilter has been called for this stream, then the original data should be
+    // considered to be modified. This means we should avoid optimizations such as not filtering a
+    // stream that is already compressed.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isDataModified();
+
+    // Returns filtered (uncompressed) stream data.  Throws an exception if the stream is filtered
+    // and we can't decode it.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::shared_ptr<Buffer> getStreamData(qpdf_stream_decode_level_e level = qpdf_dl_generalized);
+
+    // Returns unfiltered (raw) stream data.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::shared_ptr<Buffer> getRawStreamData();
+
+    // Write stream data through the given pipeline. A null pipeline value may be used if all you
+    // want to do is determine whether a stream is filterable and would be filtered based on the
+    // provided flags. If flags is 0, write raw stream data and return false. Otherwise, the flags
+    // alter the behavior in the following way:
+    //
+    // encode_flags:
+    //
+    // qpdf_sf_compress -- compress data with /FlateDecode if no other compression filters are
+    // applied.
+    //
+    // qpdf_sf_normalize -- tokenize as content stream and normalize tokens
+    //
+    // decode_level:
+    //
+    // qpdf_dl_none -- do not decode any streams.
+    //
+    // qpdf_dl_generalized -- decode supported general-purpose filters. This includes
+    // /ASCIIHexDecode, /ASCII85Decode, /LZWDecode, and /FlateDecode.
+    //
+    // qpdf_dl_specialized -- in addition to generalized filters, also decode supported non-lossy
+    // specialized filters. This includes /RunLengthDecode.
+    //
+    // qpdf_dl_all -- in addition to generalized and non-lossy specialized filters, decode supported
+    // lossy filters. This includes /DCTDecode.
+    //
+    // If, based on the flags and the filters and decode parameters, we determine that we know how
+    // to apply all requested filters, do so and return true if we are successful.
+    //
+    // The exact meaning of the return value differs the different versions of this function, but
+    // for any version, the meaning has been the same. For the main version, added in qpdf 10, the
+    // return value indicates whether the overall operation succeeded. The filter parameter, if
+    // specified, will be set to whether or not filtering was attempted. If filtering was not
+    // requested, this value will be false even if the overall operation succeeded.
+    //
+    // If filtering is requested but this method returns false, it means there was some error in the
+    // filtering, in which case the resulting data is likely partially filtered and/or incomplete
+    // and may not be consistent with the configured filters. QPDFWriter handles this by attempting
+    // to get the stream data without filtering, but callers should consider a false return value
+    // when decode_level is not qpdf_dl_none to be a potential loss of data. If you intend to retry
+    // in that case, pass true as the value of will_retry. This changes the warning issued by the
+    // library to indicate that the operation will be retried without filtering to avoid data loss.
+
+    // Return value is overall success, even if filtering is not requested.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool pipeStreamData(
+        Pipeline*,
+        bool* filtering_attempted,
+        int encode_flags,
+        qpdf_stream_decode_level_e decode_level,
+        bool suppress_warnings = false,
+        bool will_retry = false);
+
+    // Legacy version. Return value is whether filtering was attempted. There is no way to determine
+    // success if filtering was not attempted.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool pipeStreamData(
+        Pipeline*,
+        int encode_flags,
+        qpdf_stream_decode_level_e decode_level,
+        bool suppress_warnings = false,
+        bool will_retry = false);
+
+    // Legacy pipeStreamData. This maps to the the flags-based pipeStreamData as follows:
+    //  filter = false                  -> encode_flags = 0
+    //  filter = true                   -> decode_level = qpdf_dl_generalized
+    //    normalize = true -> encode_flags |= qpdf_sf_normalize
+    //    compress = true  -> encode_flags |= qpdf_sf_compress
+    // Return value is whether filtering was attempted.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool pipeStreamData(Pipeline*, bool filter, bool normalize, bool compress);
+
+    // Replace a stream's dictionary.  The new dictionary must be consistent with the stream's data.
+    // This is most appropriately used when creating streams from scratch that will use a stream
+    // data provider and therefore start with an empty dictionary.  It may be more convenient in
+    // this case than calling getDict and modifying it for each key.  The pdf-create example does
+    // this.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceDict(QPDFObjectHandle const&);
+
+    // REPLACING STREAM DATA
+
+    // Note about all replaceStreamData methods: whatever values are passed as filter and
+    // decode_parms will overwrite /Filter and /DecodeParms in the stream. Passing a null object
+    // (QPDFObjectHandle::newNull()) will remove those values from the stream dictionary. From qpdf
+    // 11, passing an *uninitialized* QPDFObjectHandle (QPDFObjectHandle()) will leave any existing
+    // values untouched.
+
+    // Replace this stream's stream data with the given data buffer. The stream's /Length key is
+    // replaced with the length of the data buffer. The stream is interpreted as if the data read
+    // from the file, after any decryption filters have been applied, is as presented.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceStreamData(
+        std::shared_ptr<Buffer> data,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& filter,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& decode_parms);
+
+    // Replace the stream's stream data with the given string. This method will create a copy of the
+    // data rather than using the user-provided buffer as in the std::shared_ptr<Buffer> version of
+    // replaceStreamData.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceStreamData(
+        std::string const& data,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& filter,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& decode_parms);
+
+    // As above, replace this stream's stream data.  Instead of directly providing a buffer with the
+    // stream data, call the given provider's provideStreamData method.  See comments on the
+    // StreamDataProvider class (defined above) for details on the method.  The data must be
+    // consistent with filter and decode_parms as provided.  Although it is more complex to use this
+    // form of replaceStreamData than the one that takes a buffer, it makes it possible to avoid
+    // allocating memory for the stream data.  Example programs are provided that use both forms of
+    // replaceStreamData.
+
+    // Note about stream length: for any given stream, the provider must provide the same amount of
+    // data each time it is called. This is critical for making linearization work properly.
+    // Versions of qpdf before 3.0.0 required a length to be specified here.  Starting with
+    // version 3.0.0, this is no longer necessary (or permitted).  The first time the stream data
+    // provider is invoked for a given stream, the actual length is stored. Subsequent times, it is
+    // enforced that the length be the same as the first time.
+
+    // If you have gotten a compile error here while building code that worked with older versions
+    // of qpdf, just omit the length parameter.  You can also simplify your code by not having to
+    // compute the length in advance.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceStreamData(
+        std::shared_ptr<StreamDataProvider> provider,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& filter,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& decode_parms);
+
+    // Starting in qpdf 10.2, you can use C++-11 function objects instead of StreamDataProvider.
+
+    // The provider should write the stream data to the pipeline. For a one-liner to replace stream
+    // data with the contents of a file, pass QUtil::file_provider(filename) as provider.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceStreamData(
+        std::function<void(Pipeline*)> provider,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& filter,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& decode_parms);
+    // The provider should write the stream data to the pipeline, returning true if it succeeded
+    // without errors.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void replaceStreamData(
+        std::function<bool(Pipeline*, bool suppress_warnings, bool will_retry)> provider,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& filter,
+        QPDFObjectHandle const& decode_parms);
+
+    // Access object ID and generation.  For direct objects, return object ID 0.
+
+    // NOTE: Be careful about calling getObjectID() and getGeneration() directly as this can lead to
+    // the pattern of depending on object ID or generation without the other.  In general, when
+    // keeping track of object IDs, it's better to use QPDFObjGen instead.
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFObjGen getObjGen() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    inline int getObjectID() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    inline int getGeneration() const;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string unparse() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string unparseResolved() const;
+    // For strings only, force binary representation. Otherwise, same as unparse.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::string unparseBinary() const;
+
+    // Return encoded as JSON. The constant JSON::LATEST can be used to specify the latest available
+    // JSON version. The JSON is generated as follows:
+    // * Arrays, dictionaries, booleans, nulls, integers, and real numbers are represented by their
+    //   native JSON types.
+    // * Names are encoded as strings representing the canonical representation (after parsing #xx)
+    //   and preceded by a slash, just as unparse() returns. For example, the JSON for the
+    //   PDF-syntax name /Text#2fPlain would be "/Text/Plain".
+    // * Indirect references are encoded as strings containing "obj gen R"
+    // * Strings
+    //   * JSON v1: Strings are encoded as UTF-8 strings with unrepresentable binary characters
+    //     encoded as \uHHHH. Characters in PDF Doc encoding that don't have bidirectional unicode
+    //     mappings are not reversible. There is no way to tell the difference between a string that
+    //     looks like a name or indirect object from an actual name or indirect object.
+    //   * JSON v2:
+    //     * Unicode strings and strings encoded with PDF Doc encoding that can be bidirectionally
+    //       mapped to Unicode (which is all strings without undefined characters) are represented
+    //       as "u:" followed by the UTF-8 encoded string. Example:
+    //       "u:potato".
+    //     * All other strings are represented as "b:" followed by a hexadecimal encoding of the
+    //       string. Example: "b:0102cacb"
+    // * Streams
+    //   * JSON v1: Only the stream's dictionary is encoded. There is no way to tell a stream from a
+    //     dictionary other than context.
+    //   * JSON v2: A stream is encoded as {"dict": {...}} with the value being the encoding of the
+    //     stream's dictionary. Since "dict" does not otherwise represent anything, this is
+    //     unambiguous. The getStreamJSON() call can be used to add encoding of the stream's data.
+    // * Object types that are only valid in content streams (inline image, operator) are serialized
+    //   as "null". Attempting to serialize a "reserved" object is an error.
+    // If dereference_indirect is true and this is an indirect object, show the actual contents of
+    // the object. The effect of dereference_indirect applies only to this object. It is not
+    // recursive.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    JSON getJSON(int json_version, bool dereference_indirect = false) const;
+
+    // Write the object encoded as JSON to a pipeline. This is equivalent to, but more efficient
+    // than, calling getJSON(json_version, dereference_indirect).write(p, depth). See the
+    // documentation for getJSON and JSON::write for further detail.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void writeJSON(
+        int json_version, Pipeline* p, bool dereference_indirect = false, size_t depth = 0) const;
+
+    // Deprecated version uses v1 for backward compatibility.
+    // ABI: remove for qpdf 12
+    [[deprecated("Use getJSON(int version)")]] QPDF_DLL JSON
+    getJSON(bool dereference_indirect = false) const;
+
+    // This method can be called on a stream to get a more extended JSON representation of the
+    // stream that includes the stream's data. The JSON object returned is always a dictionary whose
+    // "dict" key is an encoding of the stream's dictionary. The representation of the data is
+    // determined by the json_data field.
+    //
+    // The json_data field may have the value qpdf_sj_none, qpdf_sj_inline, or qpdf_sj_file.
+    //
+    // If json_data is qpdf_sj_none, stream data is not represented.
+    //
+    // If json_data is qpdf_sj_inline or qpdf_sj_file, then stream data is filtered or not based on
+    // the value of decode_level, which has the same meaning as with pipeStreamData.
+    //
+    // If json_data is qpdf_sj_inline, the base64-encoded stream data is included in the "data"
+    // field of the dictionary that is returned.
+    //
+    // If json_data is qpdf_sj_file, then the Pipeline ("p") and data_filename argument must be
+    // supplied. The value of data_filename is stored in the resulting json in the "datafile" key
+    // but is not otherwise use. The stream data itself (raw or filtered depending on decode level),
+    // is written to the pipeline via pipeStreamData().
+    //
+    // NOTE: When json_data is qpdf_sj_inline, the QPDF object from which the stream originates must
+    // remain valid until after the JSON object is written.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    JSON getStreamJSON(
+        int json_version,
+        qpdf_json_stream_data_e json_data,
+        qpdf_stream_decode_level_e decode_level,
+        Pipeline* p,
+        std::string const& data_filename);
+
+    // Legacy helper methods for commonly performed operations on pages. Newer code should use
+    // QPDFPageObjectHelper instead. The specification and behavior of these methods are the same as
+    // the identically named methods in that class, but newer functionality will be added there.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> getPageImages();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> getPageContents();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void addPageContents(QPDFObjectHandle contents, bool first);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void rotatePage(int angle, bool relative);
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void coalesceContentStreams();
+    // End legacy page helpers
+
+    // Issue a warning about this object if possible. If the object has a description, a warning
+    // will be issued using the owning QPDF as context. Otherwise, a message will be written to the
+    // default logger's error stream, which is standard error if not overridden. Objects read
+    // normally from the file have descriptions. See comments on setObjectDescription for additional
+    // details.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void warnIfPossible(std::string const& warning) const;
+
+    // Provide access to specific classes for recursive disconnected().
+    class DisconnectAccess
+    {
+        friend class QPDF_Dictionary;
+        friend class QPDF_Stream;
+
+      private:
+        static void
+        disconnect(QPDFObjectHandle o)
+        {
+            o.disconnect();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Convenience routine: Throws if the assumption is violated. Your code will be better if you
+    // call one of the isType methods and handle the case of the type being wrong, but these can be
+    // convenient if you have already verified the type.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertInitialized() const;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertNull() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertBool() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertInteger() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertReal() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertName() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertString() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertOperator() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertInlineImage() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertArray() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertDictionary() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertStream() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertReserved() const;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertIndirect() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertScalar() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertNumber() const;
+
+    // The isPageObject method checks the /Type key of the object. This is not completely reliable
+    // as there are some otherwise valid files whose /Type is wrong for page objects. qpdf is
+    // slightly more accepting but may still return false here when treating the object as a page
+    // would work. Use this sparingly.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isPageObject() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isPagesObject() const;
+    QPDF_DLL
+    void assertPageObject() const;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isFormXObject() const;
+
+    // Indicate if this is an image. If exclude_imagemask is true, don't count image masks as
+    // images.
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool isImage(bool exclude_imagemask = true) const;
+
+    // The following methods do not form part of the public API and are for internal use only.
+
+    QPDFObjectHandle(std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject> const& obj) :
+        obj(obj)
+    {
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject>
+    getObj()
+    {
+        return obj;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject>
+    getObj() const
+    {
+        return obj;
+    }
+    QPDFObject*
+    getObjectPtr()
+    {
+        return obj.get();
+    }
+    QPDFObject* const
+    getObjectPtr() const
+    {
+        return obj.get();
+    }
+
+    void writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p, bool dereference_indirect = false) const;
+
+  private:
+    QPDF_Array* asArray() const;
+    QPDF_Bool* asBool() const;
+    QPDF_Dictionary* asDictionary() const;
+    QPDF_InlineImage* asInlineImage() const;
+    QPDF_Integer* asInteger() const;
+    QPDF_Name* asName() const;
+    QPDF_Null* asNull() const;
+    QPDF_Operator* asOperator() const;
+    QPDF_Real* asReal() const;
+    QPDF_Reserved* asReserved() const;
+    QPDF_Stream* asStream() const;
+    QPDF_Stream* asStreamWithAssert() const;
+    QPDF_String* asString() const;
+
+    void typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const& warning) const;
+    void objectWarning(std::string const& warning) const;
+    void assertType(char const* type_name, bool istype) const;
+    void makeDirect(QPDFObjGen::set& visited, bool stop_at_streams);
+    void disconnect();
+    void setParsedOffset(qpdf_offset_t offset);
+    void parseContentStream_internal(std::string const& description, ParserCallbacks* callbacks);
+    static void parseContentStream_data(
+        std::shared_ptr<Buffer>,
+        std::string const& description,
+        ParserCallbacks* callbacks,
+        QPDF* context);
+    std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>
+    arrayOrStreamToStreamArray(std::string const& description, std::string& all_description);
+    static void warn(QPDF*, QPDFExc const&);
+    void checkOwnership(QPDFObjectHandle const&) const;
+
+    // Moving members of QPDFObjectHandle into a smart pointer incurs a substantial performance
+    // penalty since QPDFObjectHandle objects are copied around so frequently.
+    std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject> obj;
+};
+
+#ifndef QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
+// This is short for QPDFObjectHandle::parse, so you can do
+
+// auto oh = "<< /Key (value) >>"_qpdf;
+
+// If this is causing problems in your code, define QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING to prevent the declaration
+// from being here.
+
+/* clang-format off */
+  // Disable formatting for this declaration: emacs font-lock in cc-mode (as of 28.1) treats the rest
+  // of the file as a string if clang-format removes the space after "operator", and as of
+  // clang-format 15, there's no way to prevent it from doing so.
+  QPDF_DLL
+  QPDFObjectHandle operator ""_qpdf(char const* v, size_t len);
+/* clang-format on */
+
+#endif // QPDF_NO_QPDF_STRING
+
+class QPDFObjectHandle::QPDFDictItems
+{
+    // This class allows C++-style iteration, including range-for iteration, around dictionaries.
+    // You can write
+
+    // for (auto iter: QPDFDictItems(dictionary_obj))
+    // {
+    //     // iter.first is a string
+    //     // iter.second is a QPDFObjectHandle
+    // }
+
+    // See examples/pdf-name-number-tree.cc for a demonstration of using this API.
+
+  public:
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFDictItems(QPDFObjectHandle const& oh);
+
+    class iterator
+    {
+        friend class QPDFDictItems;
+
+      public:
+        typedef std::pair<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> T;
+        using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+        using value_type = T;
+        using difference_type = long;
+        using pointer = T*;
+        using reference = T&;
+
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~iterator() = default;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator& operator++();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator
+        operator++(int)
+        {
+            iterator t = *this;
+            ++(*this);
+            return t;
+        }
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator& operator--();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator
+        operator--(int)
+        {
+            iterator t = *this;
+            --(*this);
+            return t;
+        }
+        QPDF_DLL
+        reference operator*();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        pointer operator->();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        bool operator==(iterator const& other) const;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        bool
+        operator!=(iterator const& other) const
+        {
+            return !operator==(other);
+        }
+
+      private:
+        iterator(QPDFObjectHandle& oh, bool for_begin);
+        void updateIValue();
+
+        class Members
+        {
+            friend class QPDFDictItems::iterator;
+
+          public:
+            QPDF_DLL
+            ~Members() = default;
+
+          private:
+            Members(QPDFObjectHandle& oh, bool for_begin);
+            Members() = delete;
+            Members(Members const&) = delete;
+
+            QPDFObjectHandle& oh;
+            std::set<std::string> keys;
+            std::set<std::string>::iterator iter;
+            bool is_end;
+        };
+        std::shared_ptr<Members> m;
+        value_type ivalue;
+    };
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    iterator begin();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    iterator end();
+
+  private:
+    QPDFObjectHandle oh;
+};
+
+class QPDFObjectHandle::QPDFArrayItems
+{
+    // This class allows C++-style iteration, including range-for iteration, around arrays. You can
+    // write
+
+    // for (auto iter: QPDFArrayItems(array_obj))
+    // {
+    //     // iter is a QPDFObjectHandle
+    // }
+
+    // See examples/pdf-name-number-tree.cc for a demonstration of using this API.
+
+  public:
+    QPDF_DLL
+    QPDFArrayItems(QPDFObjectHandle const& oh);
+
+    class iterator
+    {
+        friend class QPDFArrayItems;
+
+      public:
+        typedef QPDFObjectHandle T;
+        using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+        using value_type = T;
+        using difference_type = long;
+        using pointer = T*;
+        using reference = T&;
+
+        QPDF_DLL
+        virtual ~iterator() = default;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator& operator++();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator
+        operator++(int)
+        {
+            iterator t = *this;
+            ++(*this);
+            return t;
+        }
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator& operator--();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        iterator
+        operator--(int)
+        {
+            iterator t = *this;
+            --(*this);
+            return t;
+        }
+        QPDF_DLL
+        reference operator*();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        pointer operator->();
+        QPDF_DLL
+        bool operator==(iterator const& other) const;
+        QPDF_DLL
+        bool
+        operator!=(iterator const& other) const
+        {
+            return !operator==(other);
+        }
+
+      private:
+        iterator(QPDFObjectHandle& oh, bool for_begin);
+        void updateIValue();
+
+        class Members
+        {
+            friend class QPDFArrayItems::iterator;
+
+          public:
+            QPDF_DLL
+            ~Members() = default;
+
+          private:
+            Members(QPDFObjectHandle& oh, bool for_begin);
+            Members() = delete;
+            Members(Members const&) = delete;
+
+            QPDFObjectHandle& oh;
+            int item_number;
+            bool is_end;
+        };
+        std::shared_ptr<Members> m;
+        value_type ivalue;
+    };
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    iterator begin();
+    QPDF_DLL
+    iterator end();
+
+  private:
+    QPDFObjectHandle oh;
+};
+
+inline int
+QPDFObjectHandle::getObjectID() const
+{
+    return getObjGen().getObj();
+}
+
+inline int
+QPDFObjectHandle::getGeneration() const
+{
+    return getObjGen().getGen();
+}
+
+inline bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isIndirect() const
+{
+    return (obj != nullptr) && (getObjectID() != 0);
+}
+
+inline bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isInitialized() const noexcept
+{
+    return obj != nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif // QPDFOBJECTHANDLE_FUTURE_HH
@@ -1847,11 +1847,11 @@ QPDF::readObjectAtOffset(
     return oh;
 }
-void
+QPDFObject*
 QPDF::resolve(QPDFObjGen og)
 {
     if (!isUnresolved(og)) {
-        return;
+        return m->obj_cache[og].object.get();
     }
     if (m->resolving.count(og)) {
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ QPDF::resolve(QPDFObjGen og)
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF recursion loop in resolve");
         warn(damagedPDF("", "loop detected resolving object " + og.unparse(' ')));
         updateCache(og, QPDF_Null::create(), -1, -1);
-        return;
+        return m->obj_cache[og].object.get();
     }
     ResolveRecorder rr(this, og);
@@ -1901,6 +1901,7 @@ QPDF::resolve(QPDFObjGen og)
     auto result(m->obj_cache[og].object);
     result->setDefaultDescription(this, og);
+    return result.get();
 }
 void
@@ -4,13 +4,6 @@
 #include <qpdf/QPDF_Destroyed.hh>
 void
-QPDFObject::doResolve()
-{
-    auto og = value->og;
-    QPDF::Resolver::resolve(value->qpdf, og);
-}
-
-void
 QPDFObject::destroy()
 {
     value = QPDF_Destroyed::getInstance();
@@ -220,12 +220,19 @@ LastChar::getLastChar()
     return this->last_char;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isSameObjectAs(QPDFObjectHandle const& rhs) const
 {
     return this->obj == rhs.obj;
 }
-
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isSameObjectAs(QPDFObjectHandle const& rhs) const noexcept
+{
+    return this->obj == rhs.obj;
+}
+#endif
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::disconnect()
 {
@@ -237,86 +244,96 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::disconnect()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 qpdf_object_type_e
 QPDFObjectHandle::getTypeCode()
+#else
+qpdf_object_type_e
+QPDFObjectHandle::getTypeCode() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() ? this->obj->getTypeCode() : ::ot_uninitialized;
+    return obj ? obj->getResolvedTypeCode() : ::ot_uninitialized;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 char const*
 QPDFObjectHandle::getTypeName()
+#else
+char const*
+QPDFObjectHandle::getTypeName() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() ? this->obj->getTypeName() : "uninitialized";
+    return obj ? obj->getTypeName() : "uninitialized";
 }
 QPDF_Array*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asArray()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asArray() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Array>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Array>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Bool*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asBool()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asBool() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Bool>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Bool>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Dictionary*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asDictionary()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asDictionary() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Dictionary>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Dictionary>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_InlineImage*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asInlineImage()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asInlineImage() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_InlineImage>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_InlineImage>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Integer*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asInteger()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asInteger() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Integer>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Integer>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Name*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asName()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asName() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Name>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Name>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Null*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asNull()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asNull() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Null>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Null>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Operator*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asOperator()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asOperator() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Operator>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Operator>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Real*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asReal()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asReal() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Real>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Real>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Reserved*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asReserved()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asReserved() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Reserved>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Reserved>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Stream*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asStream()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asStream() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_Stream>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_Stream>() : nullptr;
 }
 QPDF_Stream*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asStreamWithAssert()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asStreamWithAssert() const
 {
     auto stream = asStream();
     assertType("stream", stream);
@@ -324,21 +341,31 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::asStreamWithAssert()
 }
 QPDF_String*
-QPDFObjectHandle::asString()
+QPDFObjectHandle::asString() const
 {
-    return dereference() ? obj->as<QPDF_String>() : nullptr;
+    return obj ? obj->as<QPDF_String>() : nullptr;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isDestroyed()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isDestroyed() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_destroyed);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_destroyed;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isBool()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isBool() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_boolean);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_boolean;
 }
 bool
@@ -346,50 +373,79 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isDirectNull() const
 {
     // Don't call dereference() -- this is a const method, and we know
     // objid == 0, so there's nothing to resolve.
-    return (isInitialized() && (getObjectID() == 0) && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_null));
+    return (obj && getObjectID() == 0 && obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_null);
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isNull()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isNull() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_null);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_null;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isInteger()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isInteger() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_integer);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_integer;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isReal()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isReal() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_real);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_real;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isNumber()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isNumber() const
+#endif
 {
     return (isInteger() || isReal());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 double
 QPDFObjectHandle::getNumericValue()
+#else
+double
+QPDFObjectHandle::getNumericValue() const
+#endif
 {
-    double result = 0.0;
     if (isInteger()) {
-        result = static_cast<double>(getIntValue());
+        return static_cast<double>(getIntValue());
     } else if (isReal()) {
-        result = atof(getRealValue().c_str());
+        return atof(getRealValue().c_str());
     } else {
         typeWarning("number", "returning 0");
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDFObjectHandle numeric non-numeric");
+        return 0;
     }
-    return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsNumber(double& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsNumber(double& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isNumber()) {
         return false;
@@ -398,83 +454,148 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsNumber(double&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isName()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isName() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_name);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_name;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isString()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isString() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_string);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_string;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isOperator()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isOperator() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_operator);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_operator;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isInlineImage()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isInlineImage() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_inlineimage);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_inlineimage;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isArray()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isArray() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_array);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_array;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isDictionary()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isDictionary() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_dictionary);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_dictionary;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isStream()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isStream() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_stream);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_stream;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isReserved()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isReserved() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && (obj->getTypeCode() == ::ot_reserved);
+    return obj && obj->getResolvedTypeCode() == ::ot_reserved;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isScalar()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isScalar() const
+#endif
 {
     return isBool() || isInteger() || isName() || isNull() || isReal() || isString();
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isNameAndEquals(std::string const& name)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isNameAndEquals(std::string const& name) const
+#endif
 {
     return isName() && (getName() == name);
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isDictionaryOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isDictionaryOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype) const
+#endif
 {
     return isDictionary() && (type.empty() || getKey("/Type").isNameAndEquals(type)) &&
         (subtype.empty() || getKey("/Subtype").isNameAndEquals(subtype));
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isStreamOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isStreamOfType(std::string const& type, std::string const& subtype) const
+#endif
 {
     return isStream() && getDict().isDictionaryOfType(type, subtype);
 }
 // Bool accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getBoolValue()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getBoolValue() const
+#endif
 {
     auto boolean = asBool();
     if (boolean) {
@@ -486,8 +607,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getBoolValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsBool(bool& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsBool(bool& value) const
+#endif
 {
     auto boolean = asBool();
     if (boolean == nullptr) {
@@ -499,8 +625,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsBool(bool&amp; value)
 // Integer accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 long long
 QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValue()
+#else
+long long
+QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValue() const
+#endif
 {
     auto integer = asInteger();
     if (integer) {
@@ -512,8 +643,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(long long& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(long long& value) const
+#endif
 {
     auto integer = asInteger();
     if (integer == nullptr) {
@@ -523,8 +659,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(long long&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 int
 QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValueAsInt()
+#else
+int
+QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValueAsInt() const
+#endif
 {
     int result = 0;
     long long v = getIntValue();
@@ -542,8 +683,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getIntValueAsInt()
     return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(int& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(int& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isInteger()) {
         return false;
@@ -552,22 +698,31 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInt(int&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 unsigned long long
 QPDFObjectHandle::getUIntValue()
+#else
+unsigned long long
+QPDFObjectHandle::getUIntValue() const
+#endif
 {
-    unsigned long long result = 0;
     long long v = getIntValue();
     if (v < 0) {
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDFObjectHandle uint returning 0");
         warnIfPossible("unsigned value request for negative number; returning 0");
+        return 0;
     } else {
-        result = static_cast<unsigned long long>(v);
+        return static_cast<unsigned long long>(v);
     }
-    return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned long long& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned long long& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isInteger()) {
         return false;
@@ -576,27 +731,35 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned long long&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 unsigned int
 QPDFObjectHandle::getUIntValueAsUInt()
+#else
+unsigned int
+QPDFObjectHandle::getUIntValueAsUInt() const
+#endif
 {
-    unsigned int result = 0;
     long long v = getIntValue();
     if (v < 0) {
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDFObjectHandle uint uint returning 0");
         warnIfPossible("unsigned integer value request for negative number; returning 0");
-        result = 0;
+        return 0;
     } else if (v > UINT_MAX) {
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDFObjectHandle uint returning UINT_MAX");
         warnIfPossible("requested value of unsigned integer is too big; returning UINT_MAX");
-        result = UINT_MAX;
+        return UINT_MAX;
     } else {
-        result = static_cast<unsigned int>(v);
+        return static_cast<unsigned int>(v);
     }
-    return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned int& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned int& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isInteger()) {
         return false;
@@ -607,8 +770,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUInt(unsigned int&amp; value)
 // Real accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getRealValue()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getRealValue() const
+#endif
 {
     if (isReal()) {
         return obj->getStringValue();
@@ -619,8 +787,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getRealValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsReal(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsReal(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isReal()) {
         return false;
@@ -631,8 +804,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsReal(std::string&amp; value)
 // Name accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getName()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getName() const
+#endif
 {
     if (isName()) {
         return obj->getStringValue();
@@ -643,8 +821,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getName()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsName(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsName(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isName()) {
         return false;
@@ -655,8 +838,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsName(std::string&amp; value)
 // String accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getStringValue()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getStringValue() const
+#endif
 {
     if (isString()) {
         return obj->getStringValue();
@@ -667,8 +855,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getStringValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsString(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsString(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isString()) {
         return false;
@@ -677,8 +870,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsString(std::string&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getUTF8Value()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getUTF8Value() const
+#endif
 {
     auto str = asString();
     if (str) {
@@ -690,8 +888,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getUTF8Value()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUTF8(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUTF8(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     auto str = asString();
     if (str == nullptr) {
@@ -703,8 +906,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsUTF8(std::string&amp; value)
 // Operator and Inline Image accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getOperatorValue()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getOperatorValue() const
+#endif
 {
     if (isOperator()) {
         return obj->getStringValue();
@@ -715,8 +923,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getOperatorValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsOperator(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsOperator(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isOperator()) {
         return false;
@@ -725,8 +938,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsOperator(std::string&amp; value)
     return true;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getInlineImageValue()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getInlineImageValue() const
+#endif
 {
     if (isInlineImage()) {
         return obj->getStringValue();
@@ -737,8 +955,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getInlineImageValue()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInlineImage(std::string& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::getValueAsInlineImage(std::string& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isInlineImage()) {
         return false;
@@ -755,8 +978,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::aitems()
     return *this;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 int
 QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayNItems()
+#else
+int
+QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayNItems() const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         return array->size();
@@ -767,8 +995,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayNItems()
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayItem(int n)
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle
+QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayItem(int n) const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         if (auto result = array->at(n); result.obj != nullptr) {
@@ -785,8 +1018,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayItem(int n)
     return QPDF_Null::create(obj, msg, "");
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isRectangle()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isRectangle() const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
@@ -799,8 +1037,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isRectangle()
     return false;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isMatrix()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isMatrix() const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
@@ -813,8 +1056,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isMatrix()
     return false;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle::Rectangle
 QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsRectangle()
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle::Rectangle
+QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsRectangle() const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         if (array->size() != 4) {
@@ -835,8 +1083,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsRectangle()
     return {};
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle::Matrix
 QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsMatrix()
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle::Matrix
+QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsMatrix() const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto array = asArray()) {
         if (array->size() != 6) {
@@ -853,8 +1106,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsMatrix()
     return {};
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>
 QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsVector()
+#else
+std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>
+QPDFObjectHandle::getArrayAsVector() const
+#endif
 {
     auto array = asArray();
     if (array) {
@@ -962,8 +1220,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::ditems()
     return {*this};
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::hasKey(std::string const& key)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::hasKey(std::string const& key) const
+#endif
 {
     auto dict = asDictionary();
     if (dict) {
@@ -975,8 +1238,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::hasKey(std::string const&amp; key)
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::getKey(std::string const& key)
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle
+QPDFObjectHandle::getKey(std::string const& key) const
+#endif
 {
     if (auto dict = asDictionary()) {
         return dict->getKey(key);
@@ -988,14 +1256,24 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getKey(std::string const&amp; key)
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::getKeyIfDict(std::string const& key)
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle
+QPDFObjectHandle::getKeyIfDict(std::string const& key) const
+#endif
 {
     return isNull() ? newNull() : getKey(key);
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::set<std::string>
 QPDFObjectHandle::getKeys()
+#else
+std::set<std::string>
+QPDFObjectHandle::getKeys() const
+#endif
 {
     std::set<std::string> result;
     auto dict = asDictionary();
@@ -1008,8 +1286,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getKeys()
     return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle>
 QPDFObjectHandle::getDictAsMap()
+#else
+std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle>
+QPDFObjectHandle::getDictAsMap() const
+#endif
 {
     std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> result;
     auto dict = asDictionary();
@@ -1023,13 +1306,18 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getDictAsMap()
 }
 // Array and Name accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isOrHasName(std::string const& value)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isOrHasName(std::string const& value) const
+#endif
 {
     if (isNameAndEquals(value)) {
         return true;
     } else if (isArray()) {
-        for (auto& item: aitems()) {
+        for (auto& item: getArrayAsVector()) {
             if (item.isNameAndEquals(value)) {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -1152,8 +1440,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::mergeResources(
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::set<std::string>
 QPDFObjectHandle::getResourceNames()
+#else
+std::set<std::string>
+QPDFObjectHandle::getResourceNames() const
+#endif
 {
     // Return second-level dictionary keys
     std::set<std::string> result;
@@ -1171,9 +1464,15 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getResourceNames()
     return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::getUniqueResourceName(
     std::string const& prefix, int& min_suffix, std::set<std::string>* namesp)
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::getUniqueResourceName(
+    std::string const& prefix, int& min_suffix, std::set<std::string>* namesp) const
+#endif
 {
     std::set<std::string> names = (namesp ? *namesp : getResourceNames());
@@ -1255,8 +1554,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::replaceOrRemoveKey(std::string const&amp; key, QPDFObjectHandle co
 }
 // Stream accessors
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::getDict()
+#else
+QPDFObjectHandle
+QPDFObjectHandle::getDict() const
+#endif
 {
     return asStreamWithAssert()->getDict();
 }
@@ -1571,32 +1875,44 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::coalesceContentStreams()
     new_contents.replaceStreamData(provider, newNull(), newNull());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::unparse()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::unparse() const
+#endif
 {
-    std::string result;
     if (this->isIndirect()) {
-        result = getObjGen().unparse(' ') + " R";
+        return getObjGen().unparse(' ') + " R";
     } else {
-        result = unparseResolved();
+        return unparseResolved();
     }
-    return result;
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::unparseResolved()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::unparseResolved() const
+#endif
 {
-    if (!dereference()) {
+    if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("attempted to dereference an uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     }
     return obj->unparse();
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 std::string
 QPDFObjectHandle::unparseBinary()
+#else
+std::string
+QPDFObjectHandle::unparseBinary() const
+#endif
 {
-    auto str = asString();
-    if (str) {
+    if (auto str = asString()) {
         return str->unparse(true);
     } else {
         return unparse();
@@ -1604,18 +1920,28 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::unparseBinary()
 }
 // Deprecated versionless getJSON to be removed in qpdf 12
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 JSON
 QPDFObjectHandle::getJSON(bool dereference_indirect)
+#else
+JSON
+QPDFObjectHandle::getJSON(bool dereference_indirect) const
+#endif
 {
     return getJSON(1, dereference_indirect);
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 JSON
 QPDFObjectHandle::getJSON(int json_version, bool dereference_indirect)
+#else
+JSON
+QPDFObjectHandle::getJSON(int json_version, bool dereference_indirect) const
+#endif
 {
     if ((!dereference_indirect) && isIndirect()) {
         return JSON::makeString(unparse());
-    } else if (!dereference()) {
+    } else if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("attempted to dereference an uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     } else {
         Pl_Buffer p{"json"};
@@ -1626,20 +1952,31 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::getJSON(int json_version, bool dereference_indirect)
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p, bool dereference_indirect)
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p, bool dereference_indirect) const
+#endif
 {
     if (!dereference_indirect && isIndirect()) {
         p << "\"" << getObjGen().unparse(' ') << " R\"";
-    } else if (!dereference()) {
+    } else if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("attempted to dereference an uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     } else {
         obj->writeJSON(json_version, p);
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::writeJSON(int json_version, Pipeline* p, bool dereference_indirect, size_t depth)
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::writeJSON(
+    int json_version, Pipeline* p, bool dereference_indirect, size_t depth) const
+#endif
 {
     JSON::Writer jw{p, depth};
     writeJSON(json_version, jw, dereference_indirect);
@@ -1871,14 +2208,15 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::parse(
     return QPDFParser(input, object_description, tokenizer, decrypter, context).parse(empty, false);
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 qpdf_offset_t
 QPDFObjectHandle::getParsedOffset()
+#else
+qpdf_offset_t
+QPDFObjectHandle::getParsedOffset() const
+#endif
 {
-    if (dereference()) {
-        return this->obj->getParsedOffset();
-    } else {
-        return -1;
-    }
+    return obj ? obj->getParsedOffset() : -1;
 }
 QPDFObjectHandle
@@ -2055,24 +2393,27 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::newReserved(QPDF* qpdf)
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::setObjectDescription(QPDF* owning_qpdf, std::string const& object_description)
 {
-    // This is called during parsing on newly created direct objects, so we can't call dereference()
-    // here.
-    if (isInitialized() && obj.get()) {
+    if (obj) {
         auto descr = std::make_shared<QPDFValue::Description>(object_description);
         obj->setDescription(owning_qpdf, descr);
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::hasObjectDescription()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::hasObjectDescription() const
+#endif
 {
-    return dereference() && obj.get() && obj->hasDescription();
+    return obj && obj->hasDescription();
 }
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::shallowCopy()
 {
-    if (!dereference()) {
+    if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("operation attempted on uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     }
     return {obj->copy()};
@@ -2081,7 +2422,7 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::shallowCopy()
 QPDFObjectHandle
 QPDFObjectHandle::unsafeShallowCopy()
 {
-    if (!dereference()) {
+    if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("operation attempted on uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     }
     return {obj->copy(true)};
@@ -2166,16 +2507,16 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::assertInitialized() const
 }
 void
-QPDFObjectHandle::typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const& warning)
+QPDFObjectHandle::typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const& warning) const
 {
     QPDF* context = nullptr;
     std::string description;
     // Type checks above guarantee that the object has been dereferenced. Nevertheless, dereference
     // throws exceptions in the test suite
-    if (!dereference()) {
+    if (!obj) {
         throw std::logic_error("attempted to dereference an uninitialized QPDFObjectHandle");
     }
-    this->obj->getDescription(context, description);
+    obj->getDescription(context, description);
     // Null context handled by warn
     warn(
         context,
@@ -2185,15 +2526,20 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::typeWarning(char const* expected_type, std::string const&amp; warn
             description,
             0,
             std::string("operation for ") + expected_type + " attempted on object of type " +
-                getTypeName() + ": " + warning));
+                obj->getTypeName() + ": " + warning));
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::warnIfPossible(std::string const& warning)
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::warnIfPossible(std::string const& warning) const
+#endif
 {
     QPDF* context = nullptr;
     std::string description;
-    if (dereference() && obj->getDescription(context, description)) {
+    if (obj && obj->getDescription(context, description)) {
         warn(context, QPDFExc(qpdf_e_damaged_pdf, "", description, 0, warning));
     } else {
         *QPDFLogger::defaultLogger()->getError() << warning << "\n";
@@ -2201,120 +2547,200 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::warnIfPossible(std::string const&amp; warning)
 }
 void
-QPDFObjectHandle::objectWarning(std::string const& warning)
+QPDFObjectHandle::objectWarning(std::string const& warning) const
 {
     QPDF* context = nullptr;
     std::string description;
-    // Type checks above guarantee that the object has been dereferenced.
-    this->obj->getDescription(context, description);
+    // Type checks above guarantee that the object is initialized.
+    obj->getDescription(context, description);
     // Null context handled by warn
     warn(context, QPDFExc(qpdf_e_object, "", description, 0, warning));
 }
 void
-QPDFObjectHandle::assertType(char const* type_name, bool istype)
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertType(char const* type_name, bool istype) const
 {
     if (!istype) {
         throw std::runtime_error(
             std::string("operation for ") + type_name + " attempted on object of type " +
-            getTypeName());
+            (obj ? obj->getTypeName() : "uninitialized"));
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertNull()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertNull() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("null", isNull());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertBool()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertBool() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("boolean", isBool());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertInteger()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertInteger() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("integer", isInteger());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertReal()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertReal() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("real", isReal());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertName()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertName() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("name", isName());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertString()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertString() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("string", isString());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertOperator()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertOperator() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("operator", isOperator());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertInlineImage()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertInlineImage() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("inlineimage", isInlineImage());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertArray()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertArray() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("array", isArray());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertDictionary()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertDictionary() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("dictionary", isDictionary());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertStream()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertStream() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("stream", isStream());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertReserved()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertReserved() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("reserved", isReserved());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertIndirect()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertIndirect() const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isIndirect()) {
         throw std::logic_error("operation for indirect object attempted on direct object");
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertScalar()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertScalar() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("scalar", isScalar());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertNumber()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertNumber() const
+#endif
 {
     assertType("number", isNumber());
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isPageObject()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isPageObject() const
+#endif
 {
     // See comments in QPDFObjectHandle.hh.
     if (getOwningQPDF() == nullptr) {
@@ -2325,8 +2751,13 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isPageObject()
     return isDictionaryOfType("/Page");
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isPagesObject()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isPagesObject() const
+#endif
 {
     if (getOwningQPDF() == nullptr) {
         return false;
@@ -2336,14 +2767,24 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::isPagesObject()
     return isDictionaryOfType("/Pages");
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isFormXObject()
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isFormXObject() const
+#endif
 {
     return isStreamOfType("", "/Form");
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 bool
 QPDFObjectHandle::isImage(bool exclude_imagemask)
+#else
+bool
+QPDFObjectHandle::isImage(bool exclude_imagemask) const
+#endif
 {
     return (
         isStreamOfType("", "/Image") &&
@@ -2364,24 +2805,19 @@ QPDFObjectHandle::checkOwnership(QPDFObjectHandle const&amp; item) const
     }
 }
+#ifndef QPDF_FUTURE
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::assertPageObject()
+#else
+void
+QPDFObjectHandle::assertPageObject() const
+#endif
 {
     if (!isPageObject()) {
         throw std::runtime_error("page operation called on non-Page object");
     }
 }
-inline bool
-QPDFObjectHandle::dereference()
-{
-    if (!isInitialized()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    this->obj->resolve();
-    return true;
-}
-
 void
 QPDFObjectHandle::warn(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFExc const& e)
 {
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ QPDF_Array::unparse()
             for (int j = next; j < key; ++j) {
                 result += "null ";
             }
-            item.second->resolve();
-            auto og = item.second->getObjGen();
+            auto og = item.second->resolved_object()->getObjGen();
             result += og.isIndirect() ? og.unparse(' ') + " R " : item.second->unparse() + " ";
             next = ++key;
         }
@@ -140,8 +139,7 @@ QPDF_Array::unparse()
         }
     } else {
         for (auto const& item: elements) {
-            item->resolve();
-            auto og = item->getObjGen();
+            auto og = item->resolved_object()->getObjGen();
             result += og.isIndirect() ? og.unparse(' ') + " R " : item->unparse() + " ";
         }
     }
 #include <qpdf/QPDF_Unresolved.hh>
-#include <stdexcept>
+#include <qpdf/QPDF.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDFObject_private.hh>
 QPDF_Unresolved::QPDF_Unresolved(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFObjGen const& og) :
     QPDFValue(::ot_unresolved, "unresolved", qpdf, og)
@@ -16,19 +17,23 @@ QPDF_Unresolved::create(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFObjGen const&amp; og)
 std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject>
 QPDF_Unresolved::copy(bool shallow)
 {
-    throw std::logic_error("attempted to shallow copy an unresolved QPDFObjectHandle");
-    return nullptr;
+    return QPDF::Resolver::resolved(qpdf, og)->copy(shallow);
 }
 std::string
 QPDF_Unresolved::unparse()
 {
-    throw std::logic_error("attempted to unparse an unresolved QPDFObjectHandle");
-    return "";
+    return QPDF::Resolver::resolved(qpdf, og)->unparse();
 }
 void
 QPDF_Unresolved::writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p)
 {
-    throw std::logic_error("attempted to get JSON from an unresolved QPDFObjectHandle");
+    QPDF::Resolver::resolved(qpdf, og)->writeJSON(json_version, p);
+}
+
+std::string
+QPDF_Unresolved::getStringValue() const
+{
+    return QPDF::Resolver::resolved(qpdf, og)->getStringValue();
 }
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 // include/qpdf/QPDFObject.hh. See comments there for an explanation.
 #include <qpdf/Constants.h>
-#include <qpdf/DLL.h>
 #include <qpdf/JSON.hh>
+#include <qpdf/QPDF.hh>
 #include <qpdf/QPDFValue.hh>
 #include <qpdf/Types.h>
@@ -43,18 +43,26 @@ class QPDFObject
     {
         return value->getStringValue();
     }
+    // Return a unique type code for the resolved object
+    qpdf_object_type_e
+    getResolvedTypeCode() const
+    {
+        auto tc = value->type_code;
+        return tc == ::ot_unresolved
+            ? QPDF::Resolver::resolved(value->qpdf, value->og)->value->type_code
+            : tc;
+    }
     // Return a unique type code for the object
     qpdf_object_type_e
-    getTypeCode() const
+    getTypeCode() const noexcept
     {
         return value->type_code;
     }
-
     // Return a string literal that describes the type, useful for debugging and testing
     char const*
     getTypeName() const
     {
-        return value->type_name;
+        return resolved_object()->value->type_name;
     }
     QPDF*
@@ -157,20 +165,23 @@ class QPDFObject
     {
         return value->type_code == ::ot_unresolved;
     }
-    void
-    resolve()
+    const QPDFObject*
+    resolved_object() const
     {
-        if (isUnresolved()) {
-            doResolve();
-        }
+        return isUnresolved() ? QPDF::Resolver::resolved(value->qpdf, value->og) : this;
     }
-    void doResolve();
     template <typename T>
     T*
-    as()
-    {
-        return dynamic_cast<T*>(value.get());
+    as() const
+    {
+        if (auto result = dynamic_cast<T*>(value.get())) {
+            return result;
+        } else {
+            return isUnresolved()
+                ? dynamic_cast<T*>(QPDF::Resolver::resolved(value->qpdf, value->og)->value.get())
+                : nullptr;
+        }
     }
   private:
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ class QPDF_Unresolved: public QPDFValue
     std::shared_ptr<QPDFObject> copy(bool shallow = false) override;
     std::string unparse() override;
     void writeJSON(int json_version, JSON::Writer& p) override;
+    std::string getStringValue() const override;
   private:
     QPDF_Unresolved(QPDF* qpdf, QPDFObjGen const& og);