diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDFWriter.cc b/libqpdf/QPDFWriter.cc
index e80b75f..bfb5781 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDFWriter.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDFWriter.cc
@@ -268,18 +268,16 @@ class QPDF::Writer
     }
 
   protected:
-    static void
+    void
     optimize(
-        QPDF& qpdf,
         QPDFWriter::ObjTable const& obj,
         std::function<int(QPDFObjectHandle&)> skip_stream_parameters)
     {
-        qpdf.optimize(obj, skip_stream_parameters);
+        pdf.optimize(obj, skip_stream_parameters);
     }
 
-    static void
+    void
     getLinearizedParts(
-        QPDF& qpdf,
         QPDFWriter::ObjTable const& obj,
         std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>& part4,
         std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>& part6,
@@ -287,12 +285,11 @@ class QPDF::Writer
         std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>& part8,
         std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>& part9)
     {
-        qpdf.getLinearizedParts(obj, part4, part6, part7, part8, part9);
+        pdf.getLinearizedParts(obj, part4, part6, part7, part8, part9);
     }
 
-    static void
+    void
     generateHintStream(
-        QPDF& qpdf,
         QPDFWriter::NewObjTable const& new_obj,
         QPDFWriter::ObjTable const& obj,
         std::string& hint_stream,
@@ -300,31 +297,31 @@ class QPDF::Writer
         int& O,
         bool compressed)
     {
-        qpdf.generateHintStream(new_obj, obj, hint_stream, S, O, compressed);
+        pdf.generateHintStream(new_obj, obj, hint_stream, S, O, compressed);
     }
 
-    static std::vector<QPDFObjGen>
-    getCompressibleObjGens(QPDF& qpdf)
+    std::vector<QPDFObjGen>
+    getCompressibleObjGens()
     {
-        return qpdf.getCompressibleObjVector();
+        return pdf.getCompressibleObjVector();
     }
 
-    static std::vector<bool>
-    getCompressibleObjSet(QPDF& qpdf)
+    std::vector<bool>
+    getCompressibleObjSet()
     {
-        return qpdf.getCompressibleObjSet();
+        return pdf.getCompressibleObjSet();
     }
 
-    static std::map<QPDFObjGen, QPDFXRefEntry> const&
-    getXRefTable(QPDF& qpdf)
+    std::map<QPDFObjGen, QPDFXRefEntry> const&
+    getXRefTable()
     {
-        return qpdf.getXRefTableInternal();
+        return pdf.getXRefTableInternal();
     }
 
-    static size_t
-    tableSize(QPDF& qpdf)
+    size_t
+    tableSize()
     {
-        return qpdf.tableSize();
+        return pdf.tableSize();
     }
 
     QPDF& pdf;
@@ -2160,7 +2157,7 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::initializeSpecialStreams()
 void
 QPDFWriter::Members::preserveObjectStreams()
 {
-    auto const& xref = QPDF::Writer::getXRefTable(pdf);
+    auto const& xref = getXRefTable();
     // Our object_to_object_stream map has to map ObjGen -> ObjGen since we may be generating object
     // streams out of old objects that have generation numbers greater than zero. However in an
     // existing PDF, all object stream objects and all objects in them must have generation 0
@@ -2185,7 +2182,7 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::preserveObjectStreams()
             if (iter->second.getType() == 2) {
                 // Pdf contains object streams.
                 obj.streams_empty = false;
-                auto eligible = QPDF::Writer::getCompressibleObjSet(pdf);
+                auto eligible = getCompressibleObjSet();
                 // The object pointed to by iter may be a previous generation, in which case it is
                 // removed by getCompressibleObjSet. We need to restart the loop (while the object
                 // table may contain multiple generations of an object).
@@ -2216,7 +2213,7 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::generateObjectStreams()
 
     // This code doesn't do anything with /Extends.
 
-    std::vector<QPDFObjGen> eligible = QPDF::Writer::getCompressibleObjGens(pdf);
+    std::vector<QPDFObjGen> eligible = getCompressibleObjGens();
     size_t n_object_streams = (eligible.size() + 99U) / 100U;
 
     initializeTables(2U * n_object_streams);
@@ -2297,7 +2294,7 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::prepareFileForWrite()
 void
 QPDFWriter::Members::initializeTables(size_t extra)
 {
-    auto size = QIntC::to_size(QPDF::Writer::tableSize(pdf) + 100) + extra;
+    auto size = QIntC::to_size(tableSize() + 100) + extra;
     obj.resize(size);
     new_obj.resize(size);
 }
@@ -2577,7 +2574,7 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::writeHintStream(int hint_id)
     int S = 0;
     int O = 0;
     bool compressed = compress_streams && !qdf_mode;
-    QPDF::Writer::generateHintStream(pdf, new_obj, obj, hint_buffer, S, O, compressed);
+    generateHintStream(new_obj, obj, hint_buffer, S, O, compressed);
 
     openObject(hint_id);
     setDataKey(hint_id);
@@ -2786,14 +2783,14 @@ QPDFWriter::Members::writeLinearized()
         return result;
     };
 
-    QPDF::Writer::optimize(pdf, obj, skip_stream_parameters);
+    optimize(obj, skip_stream_parameters);
 
     std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> part4;
     std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> part6;
     std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> part7;
     std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> part8;
     std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> part9;
-    QPDF::Writer::getLinearizedParts(pdf, obj, part4, part6, part7, part8, part9);
+    getLinearizedParts(obj, part4, part6, part7, part8, part9);
 
     // Object number sequence:
     //