diff --git a/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh b/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
index 05c801e..64cce84 100644
--- a/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
+++ b/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
@@ -827,6 +827,12 @@ class QPDF
         int& O,
         bool compressed);
 
+    // Get a list of objects that would be permitted in an object stream.
+    template <typename T>
+    std::vector<T> getCompressibleObjGens();
+    std::vector<QPDFObjGen> getCompressibleObjVector();
+    std::vector<bool> getCompressibleObjSet();
+
     // methods to support page handling
 
     void getAllPagesInternal(
@@ -927,12 +933,6 @@ class QPDF
 
     // Methods to support optimization
 
-    void pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys);
-    void pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
-        QPDFObjectHandle,
-        std::map<std::string, std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>>&,
-        bool allow_changes,
-        bool warn_skipped_keys);
     void updateObjectMaps(
         ObjUser const& ou,
         QPDFObjectHandle oh,
diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDF.cc b/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
index eceb702..69c6a69 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ QPDF::QPDFVersion()
 QPDF::Members::Members(QPDF& qpdf) :
     doc(qpdf, *this),
     objects(doc.objects()),
+    pages(doc.pages()),
     log(QPDFLogger::defaultLogger()),
     file(new InvalidInputSource()),
     encp(new EncryptionParameters)
diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDF_optimization.cc b/libqpdf/QPDF_optimization.cc
index 6606e81..cd7a2c2 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDF_optimization.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDF_optimization.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <qpdf/QPDFWriter_private.hh>
 #include <qpdf/QTC.hh>
 
+using Pages = QPDF::Doc::Pages;
+
 QPDF::ObjUser::ObjUser(user_e type) :
     ou_type(type)
 {
@@ -86,14 +88,13 @@ QPDF::optimize_internal(
     if (root.getKey("/Outlines").isDictionary()) {
         QPDFObjectHandle outlines = root.getKey("/Outlines");
         if (!outlines.isIndirect()) {
-            QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF_optimization indirect outlines");
             root.replaceKey("/Outlines", makeIndirectObject(outlines));
         }
     }
 
     // Traverse pages tree pushing all inherited resources down to the page level.  This also
     // initializes m->all_pages.
-    pushInheritedAttributesToPage(allow_changes, false);
+    m->pages.pushInheritedAttributesToPage(allow_changes, false);
 
     // Traverse pages
     size_t n = m->all_pages.size();
@@ -136,11 +137,11 @@ void
 QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPage()
 {
     // Public API should not have access to allow_changes.
-    pushInheritedAttributesToPage(true, false);
+    m->pages.pushInheritedAttributesToPage(true, false);
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys)
+Pages::pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys)
 {
     // Traverse pages tree pushing all inherited resources down to the page level.
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys)
 
     // Calling getAllPages() resolves any duplicated page objects, repairs broken nodes, and detects
     // loops, so we don't have to do those activities here.
-    getAllPages();
+    qpdf.getAllPages();
 
     // key_ancestors is a mapping of page attribute keys to a stack of Pages nodes that contain
     // values for them.
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys)
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
+Pages ::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
     QPDFObjectHandle cur_pages,
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>>& key_ancestors,
     bool allow_changes,
@@ -183,8 +184,7 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
 
     std::set<std::string> inheritable_keys;
     for (auto const& key: cur_pages.getKeys()) {
-        if ((key == "/MediaBox") || (key == "/CropBox") || (key == "/Resources") ||
-            (key == "/Rotate")) {
+        if (key == "/MediaBox" || key == "/CropBox" || key == "/Resources" || key == "/Rotate") {
             if (!allow_changes) {
                 throw QPDFExc(
                     qpdf_e_internal,
@@ -197,21 +197,19 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
             // This is an inheritable resource
             inheritable_keys.insert(key);
             QPDFObjectHandle oh = cur_pages.getKey(key);
-            QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt direct pages resource", oh.isIndirect() ? 0 : 1);
-            if (!oh.isIndirect()) {
+            QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt direct pages resource", oh.indirect() ? 0 : 1);
+            if (!oh.indirect()) {
                 if (!oh.isScalar()) {
                     // Replace shared direct object non-scalar resources with indirect objects to
                     // avoid copying large structures around.
-                    cur_pages.replaceKey(key, makeIndirectObject(oh));
+                    cur_pages.replaceKey(key, qpdf.makeIndirectObject(oh));
                     oh = cur_pages.getKey(key);
                 } else {
                     // It's okay to copy scalars.
-                    QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt inherited scalar");
                 }
             }
             key_ancestors[key].push_back(oh);
             if (key_ancestors[key].size() > 1) {
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt key ancestors depth > 1");
             }
             // Remove this resource from this node.  It will be reattached at the page level.
             cur_pages.removeKey(key);
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
             // Warn when flattening, but not if the key is at the top level (i.e. "/Parent" not
             // set), as we don't change these; but flattening removes intermediate /Pages nodes.
             if (warn_skipped_keys && cur_pages.hasKey("/Parent")) {
-                warn(
+                qpdf.warn(
                     qpdf_e_pages,
                     "Pages object: object " + cur_pages.id_gen().unparse(' '),
                     0,
@@ -242,7 +240,6 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
             for (auto const& iter: key_ancestors) {
                 std::string const& key = iter.first;
                 if (!kid.hasKey(key)) {
-                    QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt resource inherited");
                     kid.replaceKey(key, iter.second.back());
                 } else {
                     QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt page resource hides ancestor");
@@ -256,11 +253,9 @@ QPDF::pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
     // which inheritable attributes are available.
 
     if (!inheritable_keys.empty()) {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt inheritable keys");
         for (auto const& key: inheritable_keys) {
             key_ancestors[key].pop_back();
             if (key_ancestors[key].empty()) {
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF opt erase empty key ancestor");
                 key_ancestors.erase(key);
             }
         }
diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDF_pages.cc b/libqpdf/QPDF_pages.cc
index 604387d..0239314 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDF_pages.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDF_pages.cc
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
 // insertPage, and removePage, along with methods they call, are concerned with it.  Everything else
 // goes through one of those methods.
 
+using Pages = QPDF::Doc::Pages;
+
 std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const&
 QPDF::getAllPages()
 {
@@ -75,14 +77,14 @@ QPDF::getAllPages()
                 qpdf_e_pages, m->file->getName(), "", 0, "root of pages tree has no /Kids array");
         }
         try {
-            getAllPagesInternal(pages, visited, seen, false, false);
+            m->pages.getAllPagesInternal(pages, visited, seen, false, false);
         } catch (...) {
             m->all_pages.clear();
             m->invalid_page_found = false;
             throw;
         }
         if (m->invalid_page_found) {
-            flattenPagesTree();
+            m->pages.flattenPagesTree();
             m->invalid_page_found = false;
         }
     }
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ QPDF::getAllPages()
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::getAllPagesInternal(
+Pages::getAllPagesInternal(
     QPDFObjectHandle cur_node,
     QPDFObjGen::set& visited,
     QPDFObjGen::set& seen,
@@ -139,17 +141,15 @@ QPDF::getAllPagesInternal(
             continue;
         }
         if (!kid.isIndirect()) {
-            QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF handle direct page object");
             cur_node.warn(
                 "kid " + std::to_string(i) + " (from 0) is direct; converting to indirect");
-            kid = makeIndirectObject(kid);
+            kid = qpdf.makeIndirectObject(kid);
             ++errors;
         }
         if (kid.hasKey("/Kids")) {
             getAllPagesInternal(kid, visited, seen, media_box, resources);
         } else {
             if (!media_box && !kid.getKey("/MediaBox").isRectangle()) {
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF missing mediabox");
                 kid.warn(
                     "kid " + std::to_string(i) +
                     " (from 0) MediaBox is undefined; setting to letter / ANSI A");
@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ QPDF::getAllPagesInternal(
             if (!seen.add(kid)) {
                 // Make a copy of the page. This does the same as shallowCopyPage in
                 // QPDFPageObjectHelper.
-                QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF resolve duplicated page object");
                 if (!m->reconstructed_xref) {
                     cur_node.warn(
                         "kid " + std::to_string(i) +
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ QPDF::getAllPagesInternal(
                         " creating a new page object as a copy");
                     // This needs to be fixed. shallowCopy does not necessarily produce a valid
                     // page.
-                    kid = makeIndirectObject(QPDFObjectHandle(kid).shallowCopy());
+                    kid = qpdf.makeIndirectObject(QPDFObjectHandle(kid).shallowCopy());
                     seen.add(kid);
                 } else {
                     cur_node.warn(
@@ -239,7 +238,6 @@ QPDF::updateAllPagesCache()
     // Force regeneration of the pages cache.  We force immediate recalculation of all_pages since
     // users may have references to it that they got from calls to getAllPages().  We can defer
     // recalculation of pageobj_to_pages_pos until needed.
-    QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF updateAllPagesCache");
     m->all_pages.clear();
     m->pageobj_to_pages_pos.clear();
     m->pushed_inherited_attributes_to_pages = false;
@@ -247,7 +245,7 @@ QPDF::updateAllPagesCache()
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::flattenPagesTree()
+Pages::flattenPagesTree()
 {
     // If not already done, flatten the /Pages structure and initialize pageobj_to_pages_pos.
 
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ QPDF::flattenPagesTree()
     // generated.
     pushInheritedAttributesToPage(true, true);
 
-    QPDFObjectHandle pages = getRoot().getKey("/Pages");
+    QPDFObjectHandle pages = qpdf.getRoot().getKey("/Pages");
 
     size_t const len = m->all_pages.size();
     for (size_t pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ QPDF::flattenPagesTree()
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::insertPageobjToPage(QPDFObjectHandle const& obj, int pos, bool check_duplicate)
+Pages::insertPageobjToPage(QPDFObjectHandle const& obj, int pos, bool check_duplicate)
 {
     QPDFObjGen og(obj.getObjGen());
     if (check_duplicate) {
@@ -301,24 +299,22 @@ QPDF::insertPageobjToPage(QPDFObjectHandle const& obj, int pos, bool check_dupli
 }
 
 void
-QPDF::insertPage(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, int pos)
+Pages::insertPage(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, int pos)
 {
     // pos is numbered from 0, so pos = 0 inserts at the beginning and pos = npages adds to the end.
 
     flattenPagesTree();
 
     if (!newpage.isIndirect()) {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF insert non-indirect page");
-        newpage = makeIndirectObject(newpage);
-    } else if (newpage.getOwningQPDF() != this) {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF insert foreign page");
+        newpage = qpdf.makeIndirectObject(newpage);
+    } else if (newpage.getOwningQPDF() != &qpdf) {
         newpage.getQPDF().pushInheritedAttributesToPage();
-        newpage = copyForeignObject(newpage);
+        newpage = qpdf.copyForeignObject(newpage);
     } else {
         QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF insert indirect page");
     }
 
-    if ((pos < 0) || (toS(pos) > m->all_pages.size())) {
+    if (pos < 0 || toS(pos) > m->all_pages.size()) {
         throw std::runtime_error("QPDF::insertPage called with pos out of range");
     }
 
@@ -331,11 +327,10 @@ QPDF::insertPage(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, int pos)
 
     auto og = newpage.getObjGen();
     if (m->pageobj_to_pages_pos.contains(og)) {
-        QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF resolve duplicated page in insert");
-        newpage = makeIndirectObject(QPDFObjectHandle(newpage).shallowCopy());
+        newpage = qpdf.makeIndirectObject(QPDFObjectHandle(newpage).shallowCopy());
     }
 
-    QPDFObjectHandle pages = getRoot().getKey("/Pages");
+    QPDFObjectHandle pages = qpdf.getRoot().getKey("/Pages");
     QPDFObjectHandle kids = pages.getKey("/Kids");
 
     newpage.replaceKey("/Parent", pages);
@@ -369,7 +364,7 @@ QPDF::removePage(QPDFObjectHandle page)
     m->all_pages.erase(m->all_pages.begin() + pos);
     m->pageobj_to_pages_pos.erase(page.getObjGen());
     for (int i = pos; i < npages; ++i) {
-        insertPageobjToPage(m->all_pages.at(toS(i)), i, false);
+        m->pages.insertPageobjToPage(m->all_pages.at(toS(i)), i, false);
     }
 }
 
@@ -380,16 +375,17 @@ QPDF::addPageAt(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, bool before, QPDFObjectHandle refpage)
     if (!before) {
         ++refpos;
     }
-    insertPage(newpage, refpos);
+    m->pages.insertPage(newpage, refpos);
 }
 
 void
 QPDF::addPage(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, bool first)
 {
     if (first) {
-        insertPage(newpage, 0);
+        m->pages.insertPage(newpage, 0);
     } else {
-        insertPage(newpage, getRoot().getKey("/Pages").getKey("/Count").getIntValueAsInt());
+        m->pages.insertPage(
+            newpage, getRoot().getKey("/Pages").getKey("/Count").getIntValueAsInt());
     }
 }
 
@@ -402,7 +398,7 @@ QPDF::findPage(QPDFObjectHandle& page)
 int
 QPDF::findPage(QPDFObjGen og)
 {
-    flattenPagesTree();
+    m->pages.flattenPagesTree();
     auto it = m->pageobj_to_pages_pos.find(og);
     if (it == m->pageobj_to_pages_pos.end()) {
         throw QPDFExc(
diff --git a/libqpdf/qpdf/QPDF_private.hh b/libqpdf/qpdf/QPDF_private.hh
index ab103bc..97daa71 100644
--- a/libqpdf/qpdf/QPDF_private.hh
+++ b/libqpdf/qpdf/QPDF_private.hh
@@ -550,7 +550,45 @@ class QPDF::Doc
       private:
         QPDF& qpdf;
         QPDF::Members* m;
-    }; // class Objects
+    }; // class QPDF::Doc::Objects
+
+    // This class is used to represent a PDF Pages tree.
+    class Pages
+    {
+      public:
+        Pages() = delete;
+        Pages(Pages const&) = delete;
+        Pages(Pages&&) = delete;
+        Pages& operator=(Pages const&) = delete;
+        Pages& operator=(Pages&&) = delete;
+        ~Pages() = default;
+
+        Pages(QPDF& qpdf, QPDF::Members* m) :
+            qpdf(qpdf),
+            m(m)
+        {
+        }
+
+        void getAllPagesInternal(
+            QPDFObjectHandle cur_pages,
+            QPDFObjGen::set& visited,
+            QPDFObjGen::set& seen,
+            bool media_box,
+            bool resources);
+        void insertPage(QPDFObjectHandle newpage, int pos);
+        void flattenPagesTree();
+        void insertPageobjToPage(QPDFObjectHandle const& obj, int pos, bool check_duplicate);
+        void pushInheritedAttributesToPage(bool allow_changes, bool warn_skipped_keys);
+        void pushInheritedAttributesToPageInternal(
+            QPDFObjectHandle,
+            std::map<std::string, std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>>&,
+            bool allow_changes,
+            bool warn_skipped_keys);
+
+      private:
+        QPDF& qpdf;
+        QPDF::Members* m;
+    }; // class QPDF::Doc::Pages
 
     // StreamCopier class is restricted to QPDFObjectHandle so it can copy stream data.
     class StreamCopier
@@ -575,7 +613,8 @@ class QPDF::Doc
     Doc(QPDF& qpdf, QPDF::Members& m) :
         qpdf(qpdf),
         m(m),
-        objects_(qpdf, &m)
+        objects_(qpdf, &m),
+        pages_(qpdf, &m)
     {
     }
 
@@ -585,6 +624,12 @@ class QPDF::Doc
         return objects_;
     };
 
+    Pages&
+    pages()
+    {
+        return pages_;
+    }
+
     bool reconstructed_xref() const;
 
     QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper&
@@ -637,6 +682,7 @@ class QPDF::Doc
     QPDF::Members& m;
 
     Objects objects_;
+    Pages pages_;
 
     // Document Helpers;
     std::unique_ptr<QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper> acroform_;
@@ -659,6 +705,7 @@ class QPDF::Members
   private:
     Doc doc;
     Doc::Objects& objects;
+    Doc::Pages& pages;
     std::shared_ptr<QPDFLogger> log;
     unsigned long long unique_id{0};
     qpdf::Tokenizer tokenizer;
diff --git a/qpdf/qpdf.testcov b/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
index d8d8329..a03c408 100644
--- a/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
+++ b/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@ ignored-scope: libtests
 QPDF hint table length direct 0
 QPDF P absent in lindict 1
 QPDF opt direct pages resource 1
-QPDF opt inheritable keys 0
 QPDF opt no inheritable keys 0
-QPDF opt erase empty key ancestor 0
-QPDF opt resource inherited 0
 QPDF opt page resource hides ancestor 0
-QPDF opt key ancestors depth > 1 0
 QPDF opt loop detected 0
 QPDF categorize pagemode present 1
 QPDF categorize pagemode outlines 1
@@ -30,7 +26,6 @@ main QTest dictionary indirect 1
 main QTest stream 0
 QPDF lin write nshared_total > nshared_first_page 1
 QPDFWriter encrypted hint stream 0
-QPDF opt inherited scalar 0
 QPDF xref gen > 0 1
 QPDF startxref more than 1024 before end 0
 QPDFParser bad brace 0
@@ -127,8 +122,6 @@ exercise processFile(FILE*) 0
 exercise processMemoryFile 0
 QPDF remove page 2
 QPDF insert page 2
-QPDF updateAllPagesCache 0
-QPDF insert non-indirect page 0
 QPDF insert indirect page 0
 QPDF_Stream ERR shallow copy stream 0
 QPDFObjectHandle newStream with string 0
@@ -142,7 +135,6 @@ QPDF replace array 0
 QPDF replace dictionary 0
 QPDF replace stream 0
 QPDF replace foreign indirect with null 0
-QPDF insert foreign page 0
 QPDFWriter copy use_aes 1
 QPDFParser indirect without context 0
 QPDFObjectHandle trailing data in parse 0
@@ -162,7 +154,6 @@ qpdf-c called qpdf_set_r6_encryption_parameters 0
 QPDFObjectHandle EOF in inline image 0
 QPDFObjectHandle inline image token 0
 QPDF not caching overridden objstm object 0
-QPDF_optimization indirect outlines 0
 QPDF xref space 2
 QPDFJob pages range omitted in middle 0
 QPDFWriter standard deterministic ID 1
@@ -282,9 +273,6 @@ QPDFPageDocumentHelper ignore annotation with no appearance 0
 QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper replaced BMC at EOF 0
 QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper fallback Tf 0
 QPDFPageObjectHelper copy shared attribute 1
-QPDF resolve duplicated page object 0
-QPDF handle direct page object 0
-QPDF missing mediabox 0
 QPDF inherit mediabox 1
 QPDFTokenizer finder found wrong word 0
 QPDFTokenizer found EI by byte count 0
@@ -402,7 +390,6 @@ QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper /DA parse error 0
 QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper AP parse error 1
 QPDFJob copy fields not this file 0
 QPDFJob copy fields non-first from orig 0
-QPDF resolve duplicated page in insert 0
 QPDFWriter exclude from object stream 0
 QPDFJob weak crypto error 0
 qpdf-c called qpdf_oh_is_initialized 0